重庆市主城区成人人群环境暴露行为模式研究

Research on Environmental Exposure-related Activity Patterns of Adults in Urban Areas of Chongqing City

环境综合暴露系数为环境健康风险评估的关键因子,但受到人群身体特征、生活习惯、社会经济条件等暴露行为模式的影响而有较大差异。为了解重庆市主城区成人人群环境暴露行为特征及提高本地区人群环境健康风险评价准确性,开展了针对重庆市主城区成人人群的环境暴露行为模式研究。采用入户问卷调查和现场测量相结合的方式,调查了主城9区180个行政村/居委会共2 602名18岁以上常住居民的环境暴露特征,最终获得有效样本2 541份,样本性别、年龄结构和2015年重庆市主城区1%人口抽样调查年龄结构无统计学差异。结果分析显示重庆市主城区室外空气、室内空气、饮水、水经皮肤、土壤经皮肤综合暴露系数分别为0.049 m^3/(kg·d)、0.220m^3/(kg·d)、0.031 L/(kg·d)、0.167 L/(kg·d)、3.074 mg/(kg·d)。重庆市主城区成人人群在空气、水中的暴露水平较全国平均水平偏高,在土壤中的暴露水平较全国平均水平偏低,建议进行环境健康风险评价时使用本地区环境暴露参数。

Environment-related exposure index is considered as a crucial factor in the environmental health risk assessment （EHRA）, however, it varies with the different human exposure-related behavior patterns such as population physical character- istics, living habit and socio-economic level. In order to make it clear the exposure-related behavior of the citizens in Chongqing＇s urban areas, and to improve the accuracy of EHRA for the local people, a field investigation in Chongqing＇s urban area was conducted by the method of questionnaires surveys combined with on-site measurements, involving a total of 2 602 permanent residents （i〉 18-year old） from 180 administrative villages or neighborhood committees in the nine main urban dis- tricts of the city, and meantime the efficient samples of 2 541 were obtained, which had no statistical discrepancies in terms of the sampling age structures with the 1% population sampling survey conducted in 2015. Findings of the investigation suggested that the environment-related exposure indexes of outdoor air, indoor air, drinking water, skin-contacted water and skincontacted soil were 0.049 ma/（kg·d）, 0.220 ma/（kg·d）, 0.031 L/（kg·d）, 0.167 L/（kg·d） and 3.0740 mg/（kg·d）, respectively. Hence by comparison, levels of water exposure and air exposure were notably higher than the levels of national average, while the level of soil exposure was lower. Accordingly, it is suggested that when carrying out EHRA the local environmentrelated exposure index be used.