中国台湾地区排污许可制度及其借鉴意义

Discussions on the Pollutant Discharge Permit System in Chinese Taipei and Its References

排污许可是点源管理的有效手段,被广泛采用。中国大陆正在完善其排污许可制度。中国台湾地区排污许可制度是在美国的基础上发展来的,已经建立了完整的法律法规、技术规范、市场机制和服务模式,对环境质量的改善发挥了重要作用。由于背景和文化相似,中国台湾的经验对中国大陆更具有借鉴意义。中国台湾排污许可的经验和特点可总结为:实现排污许可制度与环境影响评价制度、总量控制制度、排污收费等的有效衔接,明晰了环境管理制度框架;政府购买服务,充分发挥第三方在排污许可申报和监管中的作用;强调技术指导和大数据,确保政策制定科学可行;按日计罚与不当获利追缴结合,保障监管威慑力;实施环境保护专责单位或人员制度,提升企业环保技术能力。通过分析和总结中国台湾排污许可制度特点及管理经验,结合中国大陆排污许可管理现状,建议从明确排污许可与环评、总量、排污收费的关系、建立数据库、采购第三方服务、企业配备专职人员等方面着手完善大陆排污许可制度。

Pollutant discharge permit is an effective instrument for point source management, which has been adopted widely in the world. China is improving its pollutant discharge permit system. Learned from the American experience, Chinese Taipei has set up complete laws and regulations framework, technical specification, market mechanism and service model for its pollutant discharge permit system, which has played an important role in the improvement of environmental quality, and the experiences from Chinese Talpei is more valuable because of similar background and culture.Its experiences and features areto make a clear environmental management framework through effective integration of pollutant discharge permit with environmental impact assessment, total pollutant emission control, and pollution discharge fee; the government purchases services from third parties to assist the management of permit application and supervision; to address on the technological guidance and big data to ensure that the policy making is scientific and feasible; to integratedally penalty with recovery of illegal gain to ensure the deterrent force of supervision; to arrange special segment and technologist in enterprises to improve its capacities for environmental protection. On the basis of study on the pollutant discharge permit system in Chinese Talpei, it issuggested to improve the pollutant discharge permit system in China through clarifying the relationship between pollutant discharge permit, environmental impact assessment, total pollutant emission control, and pollution charge, establishing permit management database, purchasing third parties services, and engaging technologist.