都市残存林中樟树群落类型及物种多样性分析

Analysis on the types and species diversity of Cinnamomum camphora community in urban forest remnants

选取武汉市残存林里常见的樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)林为研究对象,基于研究样地记录的15个样方中各物种的重要值,通过聚类分析中的组间连接法,对研究区域的残存樟树林进行了群落类型的划分;并运用Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,对不同群落类型及不同结构层次的物种多样性进行了分析.结果表明:研究区域的残存樟树群落可划分为6个群丛,分别为:群丛1:樟-女贞-络石+阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛2:樟-女贞+棕榈-中日金星蕨+黑足鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛3:樟-海桐+棕榈-井栏边草+天葵群丛;群丛4:樟+马尾松-海桐+白花龙-络石+阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛5:樟-棕榈+冬青-阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛6:樟-栓皮栎-蕨群丛.其中Patrick丰富度指数R最高的是群丛1,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Pielou均匀度指数J、Simpson多样性指数D均最高的是群丛4.研究区域内残存樟树群落,垂直结构上明显分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层三层.就各层的多样性指数而言,多数表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;而群丛4例外,表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层.该研究可为武汉市残存樟树林植被的恢复提供基本的科学依据.

In this paper,the common Cinnamomum camphora community in the urban forest of Wuhan was selected as the research object.Based on the study of the important values of the species in the 15 quadrats of the sample plots and according to the method of group connection,the remaining camphor communities in the study area were classified.According to different community types and different structure level,the remaining camphor tree community types were divided,and we also analyzed the Patrick richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index.The results showed that the remaining camphor communities in the study area were divided into 6association.They are Association 1：Ass.Cinnamomum camphora-Ligustrum lucidum-Dryopteris championii;Association 2：Ass.Cinnamomum camphora-Ligustrum lucidum＋Trachycarpus fortunei-Parathelypteris nipponica＋Dryopteris fuscipes;Association 3：Ass.Cinnamomum camphora-Pittosporum tobira＋rachycarpus fortunei-Paederia scandens;Association 4：Ass.Cinnamomum camphora-Pittosporum tobira-Trachelospermum jasminoides＋Dryopteris championii;Association 5：Ass.Cinnamomum camphora-Trachycarpus fortunei ＋Ilex chinensis-Dryopteris championii;Association 6：Ass.Cinnamomum camphora-Quercus variabilis-Pteridium aquilinum.The Patrick richness index of Association 1was the highest.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H）,Pielou evenness index（J）and Simpson diversity index（D）of Association 4were the highest.The remained camphor communities in the study area were divided into three layers：tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer.In terms of the diversity index of each layer,five of them exihibted the pattern of herb layer 〉shrub layer〉tree layer,while association 4with the pattern of shrub layer 〉herb layer〉tree layer.The study could provide scientific reference for the restoration of the remaining camphor forest vegetation in Wuhan.