日光温室种植年限对土壤养分与土壤微生物数量的影响

Effect of different planting years on soil microbial quantity and soil nutrient of greenhouse

【目的】研究日光温室土壤养分和土壤微生物数量随种植年限的变化趋势及其相互关系.【方法】选取种植年限分别为1、5、10和15a的日光温室土壤为研究对象,同时取温室周边的露地土壤为对照,分别测定土壤微生物数量与土壤养分.【结果】土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量随种植年限的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在第10年达到最大值,全钾含量持续上升,pH值持续缓慢下降;土壤细菌和放线菌在第1年时的数量比对照大幅下降,然后随种植年限的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,同样在第10年达到最大值,分别是第1年的6.24倍和2.27倍,但是真菌数量持续上升,导致土壤持续偏真菌化;相关分析表明,土壤有机质、全氮与细菌、放线菌、微生物总数呈显著或极显著正相关,pH值与土壤微生物数量的相关性不显著.【结论】为维持日光温室土壤的持续高效生产,应根据不同年限下土壤微生物数量以及养分含量的变化规律及其相互关系合理施肥.

【Objective】In order to study the effect of planting years on the soil microbial quantity and soil nutrient of greenhouse.【Method】The soil of greenhouses was selected with different planting years as1,5,10 and 15years respectively,the soil of open field nearby was as control.【Result】With increasing of planting years,the concentration of soil organic matter,total N and total P increased firstly and then decrease,at the10 th year the microbial amount reached the maximum.The concentration of total K increased and the pH value decreased during investigated years.The amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased firstly and then decreased,at the 10 th year the microbial amount reached the maximum,the number was 6.24 and 2.27 times compared to the first year.The amount of fungi increased until the 15 th year,indicating the proportion of fungi increased in soil microbial.There were significant correlationship between the concentration of soil organic matter,total N and the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes,and no significant relationship was found between pH value and soil microbial.【Conclusion】Rational application of fertilizer is important according to soil microbial quantity and soil nutrient content of each year,in order to maintain a higher production efficiency of soil in greenhouse.