火箭助推器翼伞回收动力学仿真与试验分析

Dynamical Simulation and Test Analysis for Booster Recovery with Parafoil System

翼伞具有良好的滑翔性、操纵性和稳定性,能够解决火箭助推器落点散布大导致的安全性问题。为对翼伞回收系统和控制系统进行优化设计,以基于可控翼伞回收技术的火箭助推器–控制平台—翼伞多体飞行系统为研究对象,采用拉格朗日乘子法建立了三体组合10自由度多体动力学仿真模型,考虑了翼伞的表观质量特性和火箭助推器的气动力影响,对某次空投飞行试验进行了动力学过程仿真重建,通过仿真与试验的对比分析飞行机理和系统性能。分析结果表明,翼伞系统间存在多体相对运动,必须采用多体动力学模型进行研究;机动飞行时,火箭助推器与翼伞间的相对运动角度并不大,而且火箭助推器的大尺寸对相对偏航运动的影响也并不显著;航向跟踪误差主要来自操纵效率低,在小角度航向跟踪误差时,需提高操纵控制增益。研究成果可以为翼伞系统的工程设计与应用提供参考。

Controllable parafoil system could solve the security problem resulted from large dispersion of deserted boosters with its favorable gliding, manueverability and stability. To optimize the parafoil recovery system and its control system, taking a multibody dynamic system of booster-controller-parafoil based on parafoil recovery technology as a researching object, a three-body simulation model with 10-degree-of-freedom is established with Lagrange multiplier method, which considers the apparent mass characteristics of parafoil and aerodynamic impact of the booster. The process of an airdrop test is reconstructed with this model, and flight mechanism and performances are analyzed. The results show that multibody relative motion does exist among parafoil-payload systems, thus it is essential to establish a mutltibody model for simulation. While in maneuvering, the relative attitudes are not so large, and the aerodynamic of large size of rocket on parafoil system is not so profound. The tracking errors mainly come from low steering efficiency of parafoil, thus it is necessary to increase the gain of steering. The results provide a reference for the parafoil system engineering and application.