伞包拉出过程仿真及载荷影响分析

Simulation of Pulling Main Parachute Pack and Influencing Factors Analysis on Loads

航天器回收着陆过程中依靠减速伞将主降落伞伞包从伞舱中拉出是主降落伞顺利工作的第一步,也是航天器能否安全着陆至关重要的一步。释放减速伞后是通过作用在减速伞伞带及主降落伞伞包拖带上的拉力将主降落伞伞包从主伞舱中拉出的,在释放减速伞拉主降落伞伞包过程中将产生一个很大的载荷作用在减速伞伞带及主降落伞伞包拖带上。文章基于牛顿力学,通过建立释放减速伞后拉主降落伞伞包过程的动力学模型,计算出释放减速伞拉主降落伞伞包过程减速伞伞绳、吊带及主伞包拖带的拉力随时间的变化情况。通过仿真结果分析及与高塔投放试验结果比对,证明了仿真模型的符合性,并在此基础上研究了减速伞自由行程、释放减速伞时下落速度、伞带长度、伞带断裂强力、主伞包质量、减速伞尺寸等因素对伞带载荷的影响程度,根据影响分析结果得出可以通过减小减速伞自由行程、减小释放减速伞时速度、增加伞绳长度、减小伞带总断裂强力、减小主伞包质量、减小主伞包尺寸等设计方法来减小伞带载荷。文章的仿真结果可以为降落伞设计提供参考。

Pulling out the main parachute pack by a successful released drogue parachute is a crucial step in recovery process of spacecraft. Large load on suspension lines, bridle legs, and bridle harness has been en-countered. In this paper, by the dynamic model of drogue parachute release and pulling main parachute pack after releasing the drogue parachute, the load on suspension lines, bridle legs, bridle harness is calculated. Si-mulation model is confirmed by the results analysis and comparison with tower drop test data. The influences of drogue parachute free path and release velocity, suspension lines length, suspension and bridle intensity, main parachute pack weight and drogue parachute size on the load have been studied based on simulation results. The results of the analysis indicate that reduced drogue parachute free path and release velocity, increased suspen-sion lines length, reduced suspension and bridle intensity, reduced main parachute pack weight, and reduced drogue parachute size can decrease the suspension and bridle load. The simulation results in this paper can pro-vide theoretical basis for parachute design.