从《咏怀诗》看《周易》对阮籍的影响

The Impact of ZHOU Yi on RUAN Ji and His Poems

《通易论》是阮籍关于《周易》的专论,反映了阮籍早年所受的儒家思想的影响。《通易论》和《咏怀诗》之间有某种内在的联系,通过对《通易论》的考察,对于理解阮籍的思想转变轨迹以及《咏怀诗》所表达的内心世界都具有重要意义。他前期的"济世志"、谨慎惧祸的心态、对名教礼法的认同、身处乱世之中对隐遁避世的向往,可以说很大程度都是来源于《周易》的影响。而其后期的"遗落世事"的态度、"不拘礼教"的狂放、对超世逍遥的追求、对适性逍遥的选择,则大都是在险恶现实和虚伪名教的激发下而接收老庄哲学思想(或玄学)影响的结果。

RUAN Ji＇s monograph on I Ching, which is called The Holistic Theory ofl Ching, reflects RUAN Ji＇s Confucianism origin in his early years and shows an intrinsic link between The Holistic Theory of I Ching and RUAN Ji＇s inten- tioned poems; the exanimation of The Holistic Theory of I Ching can find it of a great significance to understand RUAN Ji＇s ideological changes and the inner world conveyed in the poems of Intentions. In the early years, RUAN Ji＇s great ambition of benefiting the world, his cautious attitude to avoiding potential disasters, his recognition of the ritual system of Confucianism and his yearning for seclusion in the troubled times, were mostly the results of the impact of I Ching whereas in his later years, his attitude of ＂avoiding the affairs of human life＂, his non-compliance with the Confucianism ritual norms＂ and his longing for the life beyond reality were largely due to his reception of the Lao-Zhuang of Taoism （metaphysics） when he was stimulated by the vicious reality and by the hypocrisies of the Confucianism.