近30年三门湾海岸线时空变化及人为干扰度分析

Spatio-temporal changes of Sanmen Bay shoreline and human disturbance degree analysis of recent 30 years

了解海岸线变化、分析人类活动对海岸带的干扰程度,对海岸环境的维护、改善和合理开发具有重要的意义.以三门湾为研究区,借助GIS和RS技术,利用多期遥感影像(Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI)提取了1985—2015年7个时期的海岸线矢量数据,分析三门湾海岸线的时空变化和2015年三门湾海岸带所受的人为干扰程度.结果表明:1)人为因素对三门湾海岸线变化的影响大于自然因素,受影响最大的区域为白礁水道、沥洋港、蛇盘水道等地;2)1985—2015年,三门湾海岸线由内陆向沿海不断迁移,总长度减少了1.86 km,但总面积增加了137.16 km^2.从1995年起,人类主要活动区域由象山县转移到宁海县和三门县,2001年后,人类对三门湾的开发力度加强;3)2015年,人类活动对三门湾海岸带产生中度偏强干扰,个别区域达到高度干扰,在未来的海岸带开发工作中,需要合理规划人类活动.

Research on spatio-temporal changes of shoreline and human disturbance degree had great significance on the preservation, improvement and rational exploitation of the coastal environment. With the study case area Sanmen Bay, the vector data of shoreline in the period of 1985--2015 was extracted and by using the Landsat MSS/TM/ETM ＋/OLI imagery. The temporal and spatial changes by GIS and RS of Sanmen Bay shoreline were analyzed. Meanwhile, the landscapes in 2015 were interpreted to acquire the degree of human disturbance in Sanmen Bay coastal zone. The influence of anthropogenic factors on the coastline of Sanmen Bay was greater than that of natural factors. The most affected areas were Baijiao Waterway, Liyang Harbor and Shepan Waterway. Sanmen Bay kept moving from inland to the coastal area, and the shoreline reduced 1.86 km while the land area increased 137.16 km^2. The Xiangshan County to Ninghai County and Sanmen County strengthened by human after 2001. Human activities had a some areas were at high level. In the future development, planned rationally. main area of human activity was transferred from from 1995, and the degree of development was moderate strong interference to Sanmen Bay, and it was suggested that human activities should be