美国道路瘦身发展综述

A Review of Road Diet Development in the U.S.

随着完整街道概念的提出,道路瘦身策略在美国的道路规划设计中广泛使用,意在通过减少原有的机动车道空间满足非机动车、行人等出行需求和安全要求。基于美国《道路瘦身信息指南》,整理解析道路瘦身的原则和方法。首先,介绍道路瘦身的概念、发展历程及三种基本形式。从几何要素设计、几何参数设计、横断面设计、交叉口设计几个层面介绍道路瘦身的设计方法。同时探讨横断面空间分配、行人过街、信号控制、标志标线等运行要素的设计。解析影响道路瘦身实施的几项因素并进行效果分析。最后,从提高道路安全性和协调现行标准两方面讨论道路瘦身在中国的应用价值。

With the development of complete street, a new strategy, namely road diet, has been widely im- plemented in domain of street design in the U.S. It aims to provide more spaces for pedestrians and bicy- clists as well as reducing the width of the motor lanes. This paper summarizes the principles and methodol- ogies of road diet program based on Road Diet Information Guide. First, the concepts, history and three ba- sic forms of road diet are introduced. The road diet design techniques are presented in several aspects： the geometric element design, spatial measurements design, cross section design, and intersection design. This paper discusses the design of spaces allocation, pedestrian crossings, signal optimization, and markings de- sign. The paper explores a number of factors impacting the implementation of road diet and evaluates the corresponding effects. Finally, the paper discusses the potential applications of road diet program in China from the aspects of improving road traffic safety and adjusting existing regulations.