中药苍术炮制前后药理作用的研究进展

Research Advances on Difference of Pharmacologic Effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma before and after Processing

苍术及其活性成分具有抗微生物作用,常被用于空气消毒;具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫调节作用以及具有多巴胺D2受体、5-羟色胺-3-受体和组织胺H2受体的阻断作用。其活性成分β-桉叶醇还能阻断神经末梢突触前膜和后膜的N-胆碱受体的开放型和关闭型2个通道,抑制突触前膜释放神经递质,加速突触后膜N-胆碱受体的去敏化,抑制神经兴奋引起的骨骼肌收缩;具有抗溃疡、促进胃排空、调节胃肠推进运动、抗腹泻、利胆、保肝和提高消化吸收功能作用;以及具有抗高血糖、抗高血尿酸、心肌保护、利尿、抗佝偻病、抗骨质疏松作用。对胃的保护、促进胃排空、调节胃肠推进运动、保肝和提高消化吸收功能方面,苍术麸炒品的作用优于生品。但在抗炎和免疫调节方面尚难以断定麸炒品一定比生品更好。利尿作用的比较研究表明生品苍术水提物的正丁醇萃取部位和挥发油的利尿作用强于麸炒品;生品80%乙醇提取物提高血黏度的作用强于麸炒品,提示在水液代谢方面生品的作用强于麸炒品。

Atracolodis Rhizoma and its active constituents have antimicrobial actions, and are used in air disinfec- tion： having the actions of anti-inflammation, antitumor, and immunoregulation; having blockade to dopamine D2 recep- tor,5-TH3 receptor and histamine H2 recepto,; its active constituent β-eudesmol blocks N-acetylcholine receptor channels with open-type and closed-type in nerve presynaptic and postsynaptic yet, and to inhibit presynaptic release of neu- rotransmitter, and to accelerate desensitization of postsynaptic N-acetylcholine receptor, inhibiting nerve-induced skeletal muscular contraction; they have anti-ulcer activity, acceleration of gastric emptying, regulation of gastrointestinal pro- pellant movement, antidiarrheal effect, choleretic effect, hepatoprotection, and promotion of digestive and absorptive function; having the effects ofantihyperglycemia, anti-hyperuricemia, myocardial protection, diuresis, anti-rickets, and anti-osteoporosis. The effects of bran-processed A tracO, lodis Rhizoma are better than those of crude Atracolodis Rhizoma in gastroprotection, acceleration of gastric empting, regulation of gastrointestinal propellant movement, hepatopro- tection, and promotion of digestive and absorptive function. But in anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, we can＇t be sure that the effects of bran-processed one are better than those of crude one. The diuretic effect of volatile oil and n- butyl alcohol extract park in water extract of crude Atractylodis Rhizoma is better than that of bran-processed one. In in- creasing blood viscosity, the effects of 80% alcohol extract of crude Atraco,lodis Rhizoma is better than those of bran- processed one. It is suggested that the effects of crude one are better than bran-processed one in water metabolism.