汉语兼表原因和结果的语法标记

The Grammatical Markers for both Cause and Result

原因和结果是最重要的逻辑关系之一,每种语言都有各种表达这种逻辑关系的语法手段。根据目前语言类型学的研究成果,其他语言的因果标记的句法功能都是具体明确的,对于一个既定的标记,要么只能标记原因部分,要么只能标记结果部分,而不能兼有标记这两个部分的双重功能,英语的情况就是如此。然而在历史上,汉语的有关语法标记不少都是既可以标记原因部分,又能标记结果部分,即使到了现代汉语,这种现象仍然作为复合连词的语素而普遍存在着。这从一个侧面揭示了汉语语法的特点以及汉民族关于因果关系的认知视角。

Every language provides various ways to indicate either causative clauses or resultative clauses since cause-result is one of the most important logic relationships. According to the literature of linguistic universal typology, a given grammatical item can mark either the causative parts or the resultative part, but it cannot mark both of them. In the diachronic and synchronic systems of the Chinese language, many grammatical items can mark both causative part and resultative part. This phenomena reflect the overall properties of the Chinese grammar, and, in the meanwhile, it reveals the cognition of the Chinese people about the cause-result relation.