高校教学质量管理——以萨克森州职业教育学院为例

Quality Management of Academic Studies and Teaching Using the Example of the "Berufsakademie Sachsen"(Saxon University of Cooperative Education)

鉴于德国高校力图实现教学质量标准化和系统化的背景,阐述了如何在高等教育领域界定"质量"概念的根本问题。得出的结论是,对高等院校教学的质量诉求应当由不同行为者根据其利益各自界定。接下来,介绍了萨克森州职业教育学院的综合质量管理体系。在这个体系中,既有预防性的,也有追溯性的质量改进工具与措施,它同时监管双元制高等教育中科学理论和职业实践两个学习场所的教学质量。之后,详细阐释了自我评估的实施,或者说在校内进行的、面向不同利益群体并就教学质量的不同纬度展开的问卷调查。由此产生的一个问题是,到底什么才是"高质量教学",以及哪些因素会对学生的主观判断产生影响。学生对教师教学成绩做出的评价和判断是一定要检验的,因为要考察是否有曲解因素存在,或者教学环境起了影响作用。此外,在采取具体措施之前,应当先与利益相关者沟通,与他们一起讨论、分析评估结果。从多项研究中得出的结论,为了使教学质量得到提升,并使有关教学质量调查的结果能够客观化,应当更多地把重点放到回顾性观察和从事一项职业所需的就业力上。

Based on the intention to standardize and systematize quality of academic studies and teach- ing at German higher education institutions, the article addresses the fundamental question of defining ＂quality＂ in an academic context. It concludes that the requirements on quality of academic teaching have to be defined by the different stakeholders and their interests. In the following, the Integrated Quality Management System of the ＂Berufsakademie Sachsen＂ （ Saxon University of Cooperative Edu- cation） is introduced. It involves preventive and reactive instruments and actions on both locations of learning and teaching of the dual study model - i.e. seientifie theoretical and practical studies at the academy and relevant professional experience at the cooperating companies. Afterwards the authors detail on the realization of self - evaluations or rather internal surveys of different stakeholders on as- pects of the quality of studies and academic teaching. Consequently, the question arises, what ＂good academic teaching＂ is actually and which variables influence estimations on it by the students. Espe- cially statements concerning lecturers and estimations on study success by the students have to bechecked on distorting factors and surrounding conditions. In addition, it is necessary that the commu- nication - meaning the interpretation and discussion with the stakeholders - has to precede the im- plementation of any actions or further steps. The authors derive from various researches that a retro- spective view and inquiries on employability （ the ability to work） should be focused in order to im- prove the results of quality in academic studies and teaching and bringing them on a more objective level.