小麦品种(系)不同穗部位种子活力比较研究

Comparison on Seed Vigor of Different Ear Position Seeds in Wheat Varieties (Lines)

[目的]确定小麦种子活力测定的较好方法,探讨小麦品种不同穗部位种子活力的差异。[方法]选用皖麦33、皖麦48、烟农19、扬麦158和W1032(糯小麦)5个小麦品种(系)种子为材料,设置上部穗位、中部穗位、下部穗位和整穗(CK)4种处理,通过种子大小测定、幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验、冷浸试验、电导率测定、模拟田间出苗率测定以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脂肪氧化酶(LOX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和脱氢酶(ADH)5种酶活性测定等方法,综合评价种子活力,并进行整穗(CK)种子的主要活力指标间相关分析以及对5个小麦品种(系)不同穗部位种子主要活力指标平均值的比较。[结果]幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验以及5种酶活性等指标均与模拟田间出苗率呈显著相关;小麦品种(系)不同穗部位种子活力存在明显差异。[结论]幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验以及5种酶活性测定均是小麦种子活力测定的较好方法;小麦中部穗位种子活力较高,下部穗位种子活力次之,上部穗位种子活力较低。

[Objective]The better methods for the determination of seed vigor were selected in wheat. The seed vigor of different ear parts were explored in different wheat varieties. [Method]In this study, 5 wheat varieties or lines seeds of Wanmai33, Wanmai48, Yannong19, Yangmai158 and W1032（waxy wheat） were selected as the materials, all wheat varieties were set to four different treatments, including the upper ear position, middle ＆ lower ear position and the whole ear position （CK）. The seed vigor were comprehensively evaluated through such methods including the test of seed size, seedling growth, accelerated aging, cold soak, conductivity and simulated field germination rate determination, and also through the determination of SOD,POD, LOX,CAT and ADH activity, et al, and made correlation analysis among the main vigor indicators of the whole ear position （CK） as well as the comparison of average value of the seed vigor indexes in different ear parts of five wheat varieties.[Result]The determination of seedling growth and accelerated aging test, as well as five kinds of enzyme activity indexeswas significantly correlated with simulation field emergence. Seed vitality of different part spike wheat varietiesexisted obvious difference.[Conclusion]The test of the seedling growth, accelerated aging and the determination of five kinds of enzyme above were all better test methods for wheat vigor testing.The middle ear of wheat seed vigor was higher, the next was lower ear seeds vigor, upper ear seeds vigor was lower.