我国刑法报应理论的现代反思与功能重构——由马克思的报应观说起

Modern Reflection and Functional Reconstruction on Criminal Law Theory of Retribution in China——Starting with Marx's Concept of Retribution

马克思对报应观念的辩证性肯定,为刑法学中报应理论的现代阐释与功能设定提供了理论渊源和价值基础。以最大程度的尊重个人自由作为逻辑起点,报应观在现代刑法学中具有恰当的位置和功能。在刑事立法领域,报应以尊重人的最高价值和自由的物质载体即生命为前提,必须在死刑制度的设定以及死刑限制制度的发展问题上发挥积极意义;在刑事司法领域,报应的最大贡献即作为刑罚的界限性原则得以充分贯彻,以恰当的维护犯罪人存在的自由和尊严;在刑事执行阶段,报应为特殊预防目的提供前提和事实基础,并不是一个可以放弃的目的。积极发挥作为报应精髓的界限原则在刑法运行过程中的功能,是对马克思报应观的理论继承和发展。

It is of great significance of criminal law to explore modem significance and value of retribution through the normative interpretation of Marx＇s concept of retribution. Marx＇s dialectical affirmation to the concept of retribution provides a theoretical resource and value basis for the modem interpretation and function setting of the theory of retribution in criminal law. With the greatest respect to individual freedom as a logical starting point, the concept of retribution has the appropriate position and function in the modem criminal law. In the field of criminal legislation, on the premise of respect to the highest value of human beings and the material carrier of freedom which can be interpreted as life, retribution must play a positive role in the establishment of the death penalty system and the development of the death penalty restriction system ; In the field of criminal judicature, the greatest contribution of retribution is the full implementation of the boundary principle of penalty, with proper maintenance of freedom and dignity of the criminal ; In the stage of criminal execution, retribution provides the premise and the factual basis for the purpose of special prevention which should not be abandoned. It is the theoretical inheritance and development of Marx＇s concept of retribution to actively function the boundary principle as the essence of retribution in the operation of criminal law.