从对外汉语教学的角度来看“体词谓语句”“是字句”的互补性分布

The Complementary Distribution of Substantival-predicated Sentence and “Shi”(是) Sentence from the Perspective of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

本论文从对外汉语教学的角度,探讨了共同属于名词谓语句(nominal predicates)的"体词谓语句"和"是字句"之间互补性分布的问题。本论文首先从对陈满华(2008)关于"体词谓语句"七个语义类的整合出发,选定其属于名词谓语句(nominal predicates)的一、二和六作为具体研究对象,改编成"1表等同、2表说明型属性(静止式)、3表说明型属性(变化式)、4表数量型属性(静止式)、5表数量型属性(变化式)"五个小类,逐一对其中使用"体词谓语句"和"是字句"的情况进行考察,得出了以下结论:1表等同:只使用"是字句"。2表说明型属性(静止式):文章体里一般只使用"是字句";会话体里二者均可,但在礼貌、文雅程度方面,"是字句"高于"体词谓语句",呈互补关系。另外,"体词谓语句"的使用有句法、语义等方面的制约。3表说明型属性(变化式):"体词谓语句"只可用于有序列义的名词,而"是字句"则没有这样的限制。4表数量型属性(静止式):一般只使用"体词谓语句"。偶见"是字句"的用例,但只出现于非公文式的较轻松的文体。5表数量型属性(变化式):只使用"体词谓语句"。总的倾向是:"体词谓语句"主要用于谓语为表数量的词语时。在谓语为普通名词的日常会话里也可以使用,但基本上可以看作是"是字句"的简约体。而"是字句"则主要用于谓语为名词的场合。

This paper mainly discusses the complementary distribution of substantival-predicated sen- tence and ＂Shi＂ （是） sentence which belong to nominal predicates together from the perspective of teach- ing Chinese as a foreign language. It firstly integrates the seven semantic types of substantival-predicated sentence from Chen Manhua, then selects its nominal predicates＇ one or two and six as the research ob- ject, adapts 3 represents them into five kinds ： 1 represents an equivalent, 2 represents an attribute of a type （ static）, an attribute of an attribute type （ a variant）, 4 denotes a quantity attribute （ static）, and 5 a quantity attribute （variant）, then investigates each situation of them using the substantival-predicated sentence and ＂Shi＂ （ 是） sentence, draws the following conclusions：