清代承德书院初探

Primary Exploration of Chengde Academy in Qing Dynasty

清代承德成了全国仅次于北京的第二个政治中心,自此清政府加强了对承德文化教育的关注.乾隆时期,承德地区开始兴建书院,以官办书院为主,并在道光朝获得发展,一直延续至清末在书院近代改制中才退出历史舞台.清代承德书院的办学目的、教学活动、教学内容、组织管理及经费筹集等方面体现了同期全国书院的共性,同时也有其区域特点.晚清后期,在各种因素的影响下,承德书院进行了教育近代化的转型,部分书院改成学堂,成为区域内现代教育的有益资源.研究清代承德书院的历史,不仅对于挖掘承德学术思想及文化内涵有重要价值,而且有助于当今民族地区教育的发展及文化产业资源的开发.

Chengde in Qing dynasty became the second major political center in the whole country, only next to Beijing. So Qing dynasty began to pay more attention to Chengde cultural education. Many academies, most of which were run by the government started to be constructed in the period of Emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty. These academies were developed in Daoguang period in Qing dynasty, and they lasted to the late Qing dynasty＇s modem reform of college, and then stepped down from the stage of history. The purpose of running school, teaching activities, teaching content, organization management and fund collection and so on all embodied the commonness of national academies in the same period, and at the same time, they also had some regional features. In the late period of Qing dynasty, some academies of Chengde carried out the modernization transformation under the influence of various factors, and some of them were reformed into schools which became the beneficial resources of modem education. Studying the history of Chengde in Qing dynasty not only has an important value in exploring Chengde academic thought and cultural connotation, but also plays a significant role in the development of education in Minority areas and the exploitation of cultural industry resources in modern society.