归纳推理的说明论辩护之辩

To Defend the Inductive Inference's Explanatory Defense

最佳说明的推理旨在解决归纳推理的描述性问题和确证性问题,可概括为归纳推理的说明论辩护。说明论基于"说明优先于推理"和"认识上的双重过滤"两个前提,在解决描述性问题和确证性问题方面兼具启发性。然而,批评者从前提、语义和语用等方面对说明论辩护提出了挑战。面对指责,需要明确"说明优先于推理"的含义,表明对说明论的评价不应限于语义约定,说明论的确证功能不应仅限于事实层面,以及反例不会使说明论的辩护毫无价值。

The theory of inference to the best explanation is used to solve the descriptive and corroborative problems of the inductive inference, which can be summarized as the explanatory defense to the inductive inference. The inductive inference＇ s explanatory defense is based on two preconditions of the so - called ＂ explanation is prior to inference＂ and ＂ there exists double filtration in our cognitive activity＂. Inference to the best explanation is an inspiring theory to solve the descriptive and corroborative problems. However, some critics doubt its legitimacy from the aspects of preconditions, semantics and pragmatics. Facing criticisms, we should clarify the meaning of ＂explanation is prior to inference＂ and the discussion on explanatory defense should not be confined to the semantic conventions, and the corroborative function should not be confined to facts. Also, eounterexample cannot make the explanatory defense seems absolutely worthless.