天时、地利、物性、人力的四位一体——论徐光启《农政全书》中的农业生态观及其思想史意义

“Four-in-one” of Favorable Climatic,Geographical Advantages,Habitual Nature and the Role of Human:On the Agricultural Ecological View of Xu Guangqi's NongZhengQuanShu and Its Significance in the History of Ideology

中国传统农学蕴含着丰富的生态思想。其中,徐光启的《农政全书》既体现了农业活动中对于天时、地利、物性等自然条件的基本遵循,又充分强调和凸显了人力的作用,从而形成了天时、地利、物性、人力四位一体的农业生态观。徐光启的农业生态观与明清实学经世致用的观念相辉映,代表了生态哲学的一种实学路径。在中西文化会通的背景下,徐光启的农业生态观还体现了其以儒家立场对于融通西方科技文明所做的初步尝试。其对于当前人类生态危机的应对以及中西文化融合,具有重要的方法论借鉴和普遍性意义。

Chinese traditional agriculture contains rich ecological thought. Xu Guangqi~ NongZhengQuanShu not only advocated people to follow natural conditions of favorable climatic, geographical advantages and habitual nature in agricultural activities, but also fully stressed and highlighted the role of hu- man. In this kind of agricultural ecology view, ＂Four - in - one＂ of favorable climatic, geographical advantages, habitual nature and the role of human was constructed. Xn Guangqi＇s agricultural ecological view and the practical science of Ming and Qing Dynasties added radiance and beauty to each other. His view had represented one practical path of ecological philosophy. Under the background of Chinese and Western culture,Xu Guangqi＇s theory of agricultural ecology also reflected the initial attempt of the Confucian position for the integration of western scientific and technological civilization. There was an important methodological reference and universal significance to the current human ecological crisis and the integration of Chinese and Western culture.