环境哲学视阈中环境科学的性质及发展特征

Property and Developing Features of Environmental Science in the Perspective of Environmental Philosophy

环境科学是一个发展中的大学科群,其性质体现在"应用科学论"、"交叉整合论"、"社会建构论"和"新范式革命论",其新意不仅在于"它应用整体观和系统论",也不仅在于"对旧有学科研究范式的同化、综合从而产生新质的过程",而且还在于新范式中体现的"环境哲学和环境伦理学揭示的共同的信仰和价值观"。由此,考察环境科学的体系结构论,发现"1+4+X"的环境科学体系结构论,具有深入研究的必要:首先,它的建构,基于自然科学分类的类比,没有考虑哲学门类。其次,根据钱学森的"马克思主义哲学-自然辩证法-自然学科"的分类类比,把环境科学体系概括为"I+II+III",即"环境哲学-环境伦理学-环境自然科学和环境人文与社会科学"的层次和结构,其发展有五大特征。由此,建议建立"大环境科学学术共同体",形成"跨范式"的环境思维方式。

Environmental science is a developing large discipline group. It has some properties, such as the theory of applied science, that of cross inte- gration, social construction and new paradigm revolution. The new meaning lies hot only in its application of the holism and system theory, the process of assimilating and integrating the existing disciplinary paradigm and boring new nature, but also in the common beliefs and ethical values unrevealed in envi- ronmental philosophy and ethics in the new paradigm. Therefrom, it requires deep - going research on the ＂1 ＋ 4 ＋ X＂ architecture theory of environmental science. Firstly, its construction, which hasn＇ t thought over the philosophy category, is based on the analogy of natural science classification. Secondly, in analogy to the Qian Xuesen＇ s classification of ＂ Marxism philosophy - natural dialectics - natural science＂, environment science system can be sum- marized in the level and structure such as ＂I ＋ II ＋ III＂, that is ＂environmental philosophy - environmental ethics - environmental natural science and humanities and social science＂. And it＇ s development embodies five characteristics. We suggest to establish a big academic community of environmental science to encourage the formation of the inter - paradigm environmental thinking way.