京津冀地区城市人居环境气候舒适性评价

Evaluation of climate suitability for urban human settlement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

京津冀地区城市聚集,目前在京津冀协同发展规划下,随着都市圈产业结构调整,各城市面临大量人口流动迁移,人居环境气候舒适性将影响人口重布。以京津冀地区13个主要城市作为研究对象,根据1951-2013年的气候资料,采用温湿指数THI和风效指数K,综合评价各城市气候舒适度,并加以对比分析。结果表明:近63 a来,本区13个城市人居气候环境舒适性较高;区内各城市气候舒适性分布特点表现为由东北向西南,舒适性呈现降低趋势,河北省内秦皇岛、唐山、廊坊、邯郸等多个城市气候舒适性均高于北京天津两大城市。以全年气候舒适程度由高到低排序:秦皇岛>唐山>廊坊、邯郸、北京>承德>张家口>石家庄、邢台、保定、衡水>沧州、天津。这将成为引导人口分流的有利因素,驱动人口高度密集区进行有序合理疏散,缓解北京天津的大城市病问题。

Cities gathered in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and regional population is more than 100 million.The regional distribution differences of population are obvious and exit the situation of maldistribution.There has already formed Beijing,Tianjin,Shijiazhuang and Baoding as the population centers.Currently under the planning of coordinated development among Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province,city has to face population flowing into others and outflow in the industrial structure adjustment.Climate suitability of urban human settlement will affect population redistribution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Evaluation of nature suitability for human settlement is on important premise to spatial distribution and optimization of population,including climate comfort is an important evaluation factors.Based on climate data in the past 63 years（1951-2013）,this paper evaluates the climate suitability for urban human settlement of 13 main cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,divides the grades of fitness and periodic distribution and analyze the characteristics of climatic environment using the method of THI（temperature humidity index） and K（wind effect index）.The calculation results are analyzed comparably,which show that： 1） The average length of climate suitable duration was 7.62 months and unsuitable duration was 4.38 months.Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was considered as comfort living climate regions.2） Most people feeled comfortable in April,may,September and October,and uncomfortable in January,July and August.This indicates that the spring and autumn were suitable periods,and the annual distribution of climate comfort appears＂M＂type.3） There were common distinguishing climatic features in these 13 cities.Besides distinctive seasons,long summers and winters,short springs and autumns,wet and dry season clearly and etc.,cold dry winter cities have hot summer with heavy falls of rain which is precipitation concentration period.However,the temperature,precipitation,wind speed and other meteorological elements had significant differences,as well as the annual distribution of climate comfortable period.4） The spatial heterogeneity of climate types is strong,which is demonstrated as follows： the comfort degree showed a decreasing tendency from northeast to southwest.Cities in Hebei province were more comfortable than Tianjin as for Climate suitability,whereas Qinhuangdao,Tangshan,Langfang,Handan were more comfortable than Beijing.The sorting of annual climate comfort degree is as following： Qinhuangdao Tangshan Langfang,Handan,Beijing Chengde Zhangjiakou Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,Baoding,Hengshui Cangzhou,Tianjin.On the premise of coordinated development among Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province and positively interacting with one another,the climatic characteristics is helpful to distribute crowded population into cities in addition to Beijing and Tianjin,so as to solve＂great urban disease＂,guiding the crowded population distribution reasonably.These results could provide scientific basis and decision reference for the research of functional partition of population development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.