生物质炭施用量对土壤性状和番茄产质量的影响

Effects of Biochar Application Amount on Soil Characteristics,Yield and Fruit Properties of Tomato

本试验以南方地区设施黄棕壤为供试土壤,樱桃番茄为试验材料,通过测定土壤有机碳、速效养分、酶活性以及番茄的产量品质等指标,研究生物质炭施用量对菜田土壤性状及樱桃番茄产量与品质的影响,为在蔬菜栽培中合理使用生物质炭提供依据。试验设3个生物质炭施用量处理,分别为200(T1)、400(T2)、600 kg/667m^2(T3),以不施用生物质炭处理为对照(CK)。研究结果表明:施用生物质炭能提高土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。在番茄生长前期,以T1处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性最高,但3个处理的脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性与对照的差异不显著;到生长后期,T1处理的蔗糖酶活性依然保持最高,脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性也逐渐提高且高于对照及其他处理。生物质炭可提高番茄单株坐果率,降低单株僵果率,以T1处理的单株坐果率最高,T3处理的单株僵果率最低。3个生物质炭施用量均可提高番茄产量,折合单位面积产量分别为5157.99、4539.05和4610.31 kg/667m^2,分别较对照增产20.44%、5.99%和7.65%,以T1处理产量最高。在本试验中,以生物质炭施用量为200 kg/667m^2的增产效果最好。

Taking yellow-brown soil in a plastic multispan greenhouse in south of China and cherry tomato as the experimental materials, this paper studied the effects of biochar application amount on soil organic carbon, soil available nutrients, enzyme activities, tomato yield and quality for the rational use of biochar in vegetable production. The designed treatments included 200 kg/667m2 （T1）, 400 kg/667m2 （T2）, 600 kg/667m2 （T3） and CK（non-biochar）. The results showed that biochar application could improve the contents of soil organic carbon, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium. Biochar application could also improve soil invertase activity and soil urease activity and soil neutral phosphatase activity, and the soil invertase activity of T1 was always the highest, the latter two enzymatic activity of T1 increased at later stage, and become the highest. Fruit setting rate raise and mummy fruit rate decline after biochar application. Meanwhile, the yield of tomato fruit was increased signifcantly, T1 was the optimal, the yield is 5157.99 kg/667m2. But biochar could not raise nutritional quality, the sugar acid ratio was decline. In conclusion, biochar can enhance soil properties, such as soil organic carbon, soil nutrient and some soil enzymatic activities, then fruit setting rate raise and mummy fruit rate decline, at last increase production, the optimal amount of biochar is 200 kg/667m2.