机会平等与结果平等:转型期社会正义原则偏好的影响因素

Opportunity Equality and Outcome Equality:the Factors Influencing the Preference of Social Justice Principle in Transitional Period

在社会现代化进程中,市场经济的发展必然要求民众的社会正义原则偏好从结果平等逐渐向机会平等转变,而推动这种变迁发生的动力则是社会结构转型所导致的生活经历变化。立足社会转型的背景,基于问卷调查数据从机会平等和结果平等两个维度对转型期民众社会正义原则偏好的影响因素的研究表明:个人收入水平越高就越支持机会平等的原则;受教育程度越高就越倾向于反对结果平等和平均分配的原则;城镇居民比农村居民更加支持机会平等原则,但是城镇户籍人口比农村户籍人口更认可结果平等和平均分配原则;区域市场化水平越高越倾向于平均分配原则;中部地区和东部地区民众比西部地区民众更加支持机会平等的原则。对如何更好地推动民众正义原则偏好的转变,促进社会正义共识的达成具有积极的借鉴意义。

In the process of social modernization,the development of the market economy requires the preference principle of social justice gradually transits from equality of outcome to equality of opportunity,the impetus for this change is the change of life experience caused by transformation of social structure. During the transformation period,studying on social justice preference influencing factors from the equality of opportunity and result showed that the higher the individual income level are more likely support the principle of equal opportunity; the higher the level of education are more likely to oppose the equality and equal distribution principle; urban residents support the principle of equality of opportunity more than rural residents,but the urban household registration population is more recognized equal and the average distribution principle than the rural household register; regional market level is higher tend to average distribution principle; people in central and eastern regions more support for the principle of equal opportunity than western people.The relevant conclusions have positive reference significance for how to promote the change of the principle preference of social justice and promote the realization of social justice consensus.