论黄帝身世和姓名

A Study on Huangdi's Origin and Name

目前学术界对《史记·五帝本纪》所载黄帝身世和姓名的理解没有到位。笔者认为,"黄帝者,少典之子"一语应该理解为"黄帝是少典氏的后裔","少典"既是部落名称,又是时代名称,这个名称是春秋时期司空季子编造的。黄帝的名字"轩辕"是战国中期魏国史官编造的,他的姓氏"公孙"是西汉中期司马迁编造的。古代文献对于传说时代历史的记载往往透露了重要信息,很容易被人们忽视,需要我们认真研读,仔细考辨,既不可轻信,也不能全面否定。就研究传说时代历史而言,揭示这些文献记载形成的原因和过程至关重要。

At present,the academia＇s understanding on Huangdi＇s life and name recorded in ＂Shi Ji（ Historical Records）,Biographic Sketches of Five Emperors＂is far from satisfactory. The author believes the term that ＂Huangdi,the son of Shaodian＂should be understood as ＂Huangdi was the descendants of Shaodian＂,＂Shaodian＂was a tribe-name,as well as the name of era. This name was created by Sikongjizi in Spring and Autumn period. Huangdi＇s name ＂Xuanyuan＂was created by the historiographer in Wei of Warring States. His surname ＂Gongsun＂was made up by Simaqian in the middle of Han Dynasty. The history records of Legendary Tim in ancient literature often disclose important information inadvertently,which is easy to be ignored. We need to study seriously,distinguish carefully and pick up carefully,neither can we believe this completely nor totally negate. For the study of the history of the legendary age,it is very important to reveal the causes and processes of these documents.