四川省2005～2014年农业源氨排放清单及分布特征

Agricultural Ammonia Emission Inventory and Its Spatial Distribution in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014

根据收集到的四川省2005~2014年农业源氨活动水平数据,采用合理的估算方法和排放因子,建立了该地区2005~2014年农业源氨排放清单,利用GIS建立了3 km×3 km的网格化清单,并分析了农业源氨排放与PM_(10)之间的关系.结果表明2005~2014年间,四川省农业源氨排放总体上呈现出下降趋势,2006年排放量最高;21个市(州)农业源氨变化趋势各不相同,年际变化较大的城市包括成都市、眉山市、自贡市、泸州市、宜宾市、攀枝花市、阿坝州和甘孜州;畜禽养殖和氮肥施用均为农业源氨主要排放来源,研究期间的贡献率分别为72%~79%和20%~27%;畜禽养殖中,绝大部分城市氨排放量较大的为生猪、家禽和牛,而自贡市由于特殊的饮食习惯,兔为氨排放量最高的牲畜,贡献率为39%;成都及周边地区、川东北地区和川南地区是四川省农业源氨排放的主要贡献地区;空间分布上,农业源氨主要分布在四川省东部,且主要来源于城市周边区县;农业源氨排放量与PM_(10)质量浓度的变化趋势呈现出较好的一致性,表明农业源氨排放对颗粒物生成有较大影响.

Based on the urban activity data and emission factors, agricultural ammonia emission inventory was developed for Sichuan province from year 2005 to 2014. Meanwhile, its historical trends, spatial distribution and the relationship between agricultural ammonia emission and PM10 concentration were analyzed. The results showed that the highest emission was estimated to be 111.9×104 t in 2006, which was reduced to 95.5×104 t in 2014. The interannual variation characteristics were different for 21 cities in Sichuan, the annual emission of Chengdu, Meishan, Zigong, Luzhou, Yibin, Panzhihua, Aba and Ganzi changed largely in the study period. Livestock source and nitrogen fertilizers were the major contributors, accounting for 72%-79% and 20%-27% of the total agricultural NH3 emission respectively. Hog, poultry and cow were the major contributors under the category of livestock sources for the most cities. It＇s worth mentioning that rabbit was the largest contributor in Zigong, accounting for 39% of the total livestock NH3 emission. The urban and sub-urban areas of Chengdu, the northeastern and southern part of Sichuan were the hot-spots for agricultural NH3 emission. In term of spatial distribution, there were higher emissions in the east of Sichuan and other suburban and rural areas. There was a good agreement between agricultural NH3 emission and PM10 concentration, indicating agricultural NH3 emission played an important role in the particle formation.