洱海沉积物水提取态有机氮特征及与其他来源溶解性有机氮的差异

Characteristics of Water Extractable Organic Nitrogen from Erhai Lake Sediment and Its Differences with Other Sources

选取洱海不同季节全湖47个沉积物表层样品,探讨水提取态有机氮(WEON)与不同来源(上覆水、间隙水、入湖河流和湿沉降)溶解性有机氮(DON)组分特征差异,并分析其对沉积物影响.结果表明,(1)洱海沉积物WEON含量季节性变化为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;空间分布规律呈北部>南部>中部.(2)洱海沉积物WEON腐殖化程度较高,腐殖质主要以富里酸为主,主要含有紫外区类腐殖质荧光峰A和高激发类色氨酸荧光峰B,受陆源输入和湖内生物共同影响.(3)洱海沉积物及其他来源DON均含有2个荧光组分,其中组分C1为内源性可见紫外区腐殖质峰是生物降解形成的荧光峰;组分C2为类色氨酸峰;湿沉降样品类蛋白峰峰强最大,生物可利用性较高;入湖河流DON生物可利用性最低.(4)洱海上覆水DON荧光C1和C2组分和沉积物WEON含量为显著相关(r=-0.79,P<0.01;r=-0.944,P<0.01),上覆水DON的荧光组分特征能够很好指示沉积物WEON含量特征.研究洱海不同样品DON结构组分特征,揭示洱海富营养化的潜在风险,为防治规划提供依据.

The 47 samples from Erhai Lake surface sediments were collected in different seasons. The distribution and structure characteristics of sediment water extractable organic nitrogen（WEON） were investigated by using the combined techniques of UV-Vis absorption and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra（3DEEMs）. The differences in DON of various sources（overlying water, pore water, inflow Rivers and wet deposition） were explored to analyze its effects on sediment. The results showed that：1the temporal distribution followed the pattern of summer 〉 spring 〉 autumn 〉 winter, with the spatial WEON distribution of northern 〉 southern 〉 central. 2 The humic degree of Erhai sediment WEON was relatively high and mostly composed of fulvic acid, which mainly contained UV-like humic-like fluorescence peak A and high-excited tryptophan fluorescence peak B. This indicated that it was mainly affected by terrestrial input and microbial activity. 3 There were two fluorescent components（C1, C2） in the sediments and other sources of Erhai Lake. The component C1 was the endogenous visible ultraviolet peak formed by biodegradation, while the component C2 was the tryptophan peak. The bioavailability of wet deposition samples was comparatively high, greatly impacting Erhai Lake in heavy rainfall. The DON bioavailability in the inflow river was the lowest, which was prone to be accumulated in sediments. 4The DON component C1 and C2 in overlying water had significant negative correlation with Erhai sediment WEON contents（r=-0.79, P〈0.01;r=-0.944, P〈0.01）. This suggested that the overlying water DON components could indirectly reflect the sediment WEON content of Erhai Lake, namely the higher the fluorescence components C1 and C2 in overlying water DON were, the lower the sediment WEON content was.