ANAMMOX的快速启动及EPS在ANAMMOX颗粒污泥中的空间分布

Fast Start-up of ANAMMOX and the Spatial Distribution of EPS in ANAMMOX Granules

为探讨厌氧氨氧化反应的快速启动过程及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥中的空间分布,采用厌氧序批式反应器(anaerobic sequencing batch reactor,ASBR)接种活性污泥成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应.结果表明稳定运行时,NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N去除率均达到99%以上,TN去除率为89.87%±0.43%,总氮(TN)去除负荷达到1.7kg·(m^3·d)^(-1).NH_4^+-N与NO_2^--N的消耗量和NO_3^--N生成量之间的比例关系为1∶(1.32±0.08)∶(0.24±0.03).反应器运行中,出水pH和NO_3^--N浓度可作为反应性能的指标,快速判断反应器运行情况.蛋白质为厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS的主要组分,蛋白质(PN)和多糖(PS)的含量分别为(59.61±5.64)mg·g^(-1)、(12.21±2.04)mg·g^(-1),PN/PS为4.88±1.39.β-D-呋喃葡萄糖和死细胞集中分布在颗粒污泥最外层;活细胞、蛋白质、脂类、α-呋喃葡萄糖和α-甘露糖遍布整个颗粒污泥,但主要集中在外侧.蛋白质和脂类构成了厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的骨架,厌氧氨氧化菌分布在蛋白质和脂类中间.

An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor（ASBR） inoculated with activated sludge was employed to investigate the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） process and the spatial distribution of extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） in ANAMMOX granules. The results showed that the removal rates of NH4＋-N and NO2--N reached more than 99%. The removal rate of total nitrogen（TN） was 89.87%±0.43% and the TN removal load in the ASBR was 1.7 kg·（m3·d）-1. The ratios of nitrite consumption and nitrate production to ammonium consumption were 1.32±0.08 and 0.24±0.03, respectively. Besides, the pH and the effluent nitrate concentration in bulk liquid were considered as two simple indicators for rapid diagnosis of ANAMMOX performance. The proteins（PN） was the main component of EPS in ANAMMOX granular sludge. The PN and polysaccharides（PS） in ANAMMOX granules were （59.61±5.64） mg·g-1 and （12.21±2.04） mg·g-1, respectively, with the ratio of PN/PS reaching approximately 4.88±1.39. β-D-glucofuranose and dead cells were distributed in the outermost layer of granules, while living cells, PN, lipids, α-glucosamine and α-mannose were distributed throughout the granules and mainly concentrated on the outside of granules. PN and lipids constituted the framework of ANAMMOX granules and ANAMMOX bacteria were embedded among the PN and lipids matrix.