餐厨垃圾与秸秆混合中温和高温厌氧消化对比

Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Straw

餐厨垃圾与秸秆混合厌氧消化可有效改善两者单独厌氧消化易出现的挥发性脂肪酸积累和木质纤维素难以降解等问题,并回收生物质能.在中温(35℃)和高温(55℃)条件下,对餐厨垃圾与秸秆混合厌氧消化进行了序批式试验研究.结果表明,进料的挥发性固体(VS)浓度为3 kg·m^(-3),中温条件下,物料进料比(VS/VS)为9∶1时,单位有机负荷累积甲烷产量达到最高,为272.0 mL·g^(-1);高温条件下,进料比为5∶5时,单位有机负荷累积甲烷产量达到最高,为402.3 mL·g^(-1),分别显著高于两温度条件下餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化的结果(中温218.6 mL·g^(-1),高温322.0 mL·g^(-1)).高温条件下物料中的碳流向甲烷的比例高于中温,且两物料混合消化促进碳流向甲烷.高温下木质纤维素总降解率为34.7%~45.8%,高于中温的12.6%~42.2%.利用高通量测序技术检测细菌与古菌的16S rRNA基因序列信息和真菌的内转录间隔(ITS)序列信息,结果表明,高温下木质纤维素降解细菌和放线菌数量明显高于中温条件,可解释高温下木质纤维素总降解率更高的原因.

The anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and straw is more efficient in avoiding the accumulation of volatile fatty acids and promoting the degradation of lignocellulose in comparison with their individual digestions. The co-digestion of food waste and straw was investigated under mesophilic（35℃） and thermophilic（55℃） condition, respectively. The results indicated that when feeding volatile solid concentration was 3 kg·m-3, the accumulated methane production yield of the mesophilic reactor reached the peak of 272.0 mL·g-1 at a food waste-to-straw ratio of 9：1, while it reached the peak of 402.3 mL·g-1 at a food waste-to-straw ratio of 5：5 for thermophilic reactor. These amounts were significantly higher than those of food waste digestion alone（218.6 mL·g-1 for mesophilic reactor and 322.0 mL·g-1 for thermophilic reactor）. Co-digestion promoted the rate of carbon transfer to methane, and further, the rate of the thermophilic reactor was higher than that of the mesophilic reactor. Degradation rate for lignocellulose of thermophilic reactor was 34.7%-45.8%, higher than that of mesophilic reactor, 12.6%-42.2%. It was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequences of bacteria and archaea, ITS sequences of fungi based on high-throughput sequencing techniques, which showed the amounts of lignocellulose degrading bacteria and actinomycetes in the thermophilic reactor were both higher than those in the mesophilic reactor.