关于巴西亚马逊问题的讨论:展望与风险

The debate on Amazonia in Brazil:prospective and hazards

亚马逊已转变为一个具有复杂社会—文化属性的城市地带,出产谷物、牛、矿产品和水电。毁林已经成为该地区的主要风险。为应对该风险,近年来人们提出了各种对策与建议,其中一些来自对亚马逊未来的三种愿景:第一种来自学界,由地理学家贝尔塔·贝克尔提出;第二种出自社会政治领域,以《亚马逊可持续发展计划》为代表;第三种由卢拉时期的战略事务部长罗伯托·曼格贝拉·昂格尔提出。本文对这三种愿景进行了讨论和对比,指出三者既有共同点也有差异,以共性为主。三者一致提到了政府的作用和生物多样性的重要。政府的通盘考虑是再次明确亚马逊地区的使命,但确定不了有效的实际措施。有鉴于此,在亚马逊地区,风险和不确定性仍将持续。

The Amazon has morphed into an urban area,socio-culturally complex,producing cereals,cattle,minerals and hydropower.Deforestation has become a major risk.To cope with it,proposals and policies have been developed recently,some of them stemming from three visions on the future of the Amazon:the first one,of academic origin,developed by geographer Bertha Becker;the second one,of sociopolitical origin,is the Sustainable Development Plan of the Amazon(PAS);the third one,defended by the Minister of the Secretariat for Strategic Affairs(Secretaria de Assuntos Estraétgicos)under Lula's presidency,Roberto Mangabeira Unger.The article discusses these three visions and compare them,noting that some proposals join,others diverge,but convergence is predominant.However,all proposals refer to the role of the government and to the importance given to biodiversity.The government all-encompassing intention is to define once again the Amazon's aspiration,without actually establishing the proposed measures.Therefore,risks and uncertainties persist.