湖北省二十世纪八十年代的气候变化及其对农业生产的影响

CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF HUBEI PROVINCE IN 1980S

本文研究表明:本世纪80年代我省气候与过去30年比较的变化趋势是,夏季平均气温降低了0.6℃,≥35℃的高温日数平均每年减少了10天,冬季平均气温增高了0.5℃,≤-5℃的低温日数明显减少,其频次为2的等值线由长江一线以南地区已移至汉水以北地区,年气温日较差减小了2.0℃;雨量夏秋增多,春季减少;光照时数夏秋冬3季减少,春季变化不明显。气候的超常变化使得灾害性天气和气象极值出现的频次增多,给农业生产造成多层次影响,首先是灾害增多、灾情加重;其次是农作物赚收,植物适生带发生变化。

It is presented in this paper that the tendency of climatic changes in Hubei Province in 1980s could be stated as following, according to the data of late 30 years: the average temperature in summer drops by 0.6℃; the number of hot day (with tempcrature≥35℃) decreases by 10 annually on average; the average temperature in winter increases by 0.5℃; the number of cold day (with temperature≤5℃) decreases significantly with the 2℃ contour being put northwards from the south of Yangtzer River to the north of Hanshui, River; the diurnal range of temperature deereases annually by 2℃; rainfall amount increases in summer and autumn white decreasing in spring; sunshine time decreases in summer, autumn and winter while changing faintly in spring. These abnormal changes of climates have made the occurrence frequency of disastrous weather and meteorological extreme value increase and have caused multi-scale effects on agricultural production. And as the result of the effects, firstly disastrous weather appears more often and its damage becomes more serious; secondly harvest of crops gets poor and the suitable zone for plantgrowing has been changed.