“德行”与诠释

“Moral Conduct” and Hermeneutics

孔子删订六经,开启了一种新的诠释路向,即通过经典诠释来阐发儒家义理,旨在"立德"、"弘道"。检视西方诠释传统,与孔子的诠释理念最为相近的是亚里士多德和伽达默尔,他们的共同点是从"实践智慧"出发思考德行的诠释问题。古希腊学者的用力之处是从"实践智慧"中推导出"德行";伽达默尔虽未能充分关注诠释的价值向度,但是他所揭橥的"实践智慧"却指出了推动现代诠释学继续前行的方向。亚里士多德、特别是孔子关于德行的思想,对于解决诠释理论中关于理解的价值取向问题具有决定性的意义。"德行"的诠释学意蕴便在于它真正实现了诠释活动中的理论与实践之互动互摄与统一,孔子以此为核心的诠释学理念是一个值得期许的诠释学向度。如果我们将中国诠释学的构建纳入到世界的"诠释学"视野中来考察,它就不仅是作为整体的诠释学思考的一个重要部分,而且还是诠释学研究得以突破目前的发展瓶颈,进而提升为一种新的理论形态——"德行诠释学"——的决定性因素。

In editing the Six Classics,Confucius initiated a new hermeneutic approach,using interpretation of the classics to develop Confucian theories revolving around'establishing morality'and'promoting the Way.'The closest parallel in the Western hermeneutic tradition is in the theories of Aristotle and Hans-Georg Gadamer.What they have in common is that they all pondered on an interpretation of moral conduct that started with the wisdom of practice.The ancient Greek philosopher emphasized deducing'moral behavior'from'the wisdom of practice,'while Gadamer pointed the way forward for modern hermeneutics by revealing the wisdom of practice,although he failed to give sufficient attention to its value dimension.Aristotle’s ideas on moral conduct,and especially those of Confucius,are decisive for the question of the value dimension of understanding in hermeneutic theory.The hermeneutic sense of moral conduct lies in the true realization of the interaction,assimilation and unity of theory and practice in hermeneutic activity.This is central to Confucius’idea of hermeneutics,providing a hermeneutic dimension that is worth waiting for.Seen from the perspective of world hermeneutics,the construction of Chinese hermeneutics is not only an important part of hermeneutic thought as a whole,but also a decisive factor that enables hermeneutic research to break through the present developmental bottleneck and rise as a new theoretical form—'the hermeneutics of moral conduct.'