地震自动识别及震相自动拾取方法研究进展

Developments of research on earthquake detection and seismic phases picking

微小地震事件的研究工作应用领域广泛,在诱发地震监测、地颤动低频地震监测、地震预警等研究中有举足轻重的地位.而微震事件的自动识别以及震相的自动拾取的研究则是后期微震数据处理工作的基础,包括地震定位、地震成像、震源机制反演等工作.本文就目前各类地震事件自动识别及震相拾取方法的原理起源与大致分类应用进行了阐述,重点介绍了三大类方法:第一类是基于振幅(能量)判据的长短时窗比、震源扫描叠加等事件识别以及震相拾取系列方法;第二类是基于波形互相关技术的事件识别方法;第三类是基于波形自相关的盲搜索技术.最后还列举了几类较为前沿的综合性方法及其应用分析,并与传统搜索和拾取方法进行了比对,认为各类单一传统方法各有利弊,不具有普适性,应就具体的研究领域进行综合应用.

The research on microseism has a wide application area,for instance, the monitoring of induced earthquake and low frequency earthquakes in earth tremor, the earthquake early warning. And the automatic identification of events or variable phases is the fundamental of later data processing, comprising seismic location and imaging,inversion of focal mechanism,etc.Some basic theories, also the typical applications of various approaches to earthquake detection and seismic phases picking are discussed in this paper,especially focusing on the three categories,i. e.,the energy detector basing on the amplitude,including ShortTerm Average（ STA）/Long-Term Average（ LTA） and Source Scanning Algorithm（ SSA） picker,the template matching basing on waveform cross-correlation and the blind searching method basing on waveform auto-correlation. We also list some of the edge techniques of earthquake detection and seismic phases picking,and compare them with traditional methods. Ultimately,we suggest to apply a multiple algorithm to a specific research instead of a unitary method,which is not universal.