惠施的“万物毕同”思想浅论——以“历物十事”为考察中心

Hui Shi's Thought of “All Things are Alike”——Focus on “Ten Paradoxical Propositions”

有关材料表明,惠施思想的基本面貌是关注物理、崇尚齐同,"历物十事"的最终旨归是"万物毕同"或"合同异"。借此最终旨归推敲"历物十事"之每一事的内涵可知,在"历物十事"中,第1、5、10这3个命题分别提示着"历物十事"的研究对象、研究方法和研究结论,其他7条或者是讲两个差异极大的事物之间存在着同一性,或者是讲两种差异极大的现象并存于同一事物中,总之是以"合异以为同"的思路论证"万物毕同"。惠施论证"万物毕同"的目的可能是为其平等的政治理想——"去尊"在自然界里找寻依据。

Relevant materials show that Hui Shi tend to focus on innate laws of things and advocate equality of all things or ＂different is alike＂. Exploring every proposition＇s connotation of ＂ten paradoxical propositions＂, we can understand that the first, fifth and tenth propositions remind us of the object, the method and the conclusion of study of ＂ten paradoxical propositions＂ and other seven propositions tell us that there is the identity between two very different things or two very different phenomena coexist in the same thing. Hui Shi demonstrated ＂all things are alike＂ in the way of thinking of ＂different-is-alike＂, which maybe the basis of his political ideal of equality ＂remove-emperor＇s-superior-title＂.