宁夏回族自治区肝癌相关危险因素与发病年龄关系的分析

Relationship between risk factors of liver cancer and onset age in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

目的探讨宁夏回族自治区肝癌患病危险因素与发病年龄的关联性，为防控提供参考依据。方法通过问卷调查方式采集2015年4月至2016年3月银川市来自自治区各地250例原炭性肝癌患者临床资料，采用回顾性方法分析性别、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肝癌家族史、肝硬化、HBV感染、吃鱼生史等因素与肝癌发病年龄的相关性，通过单因素和logistic多因素回归分析筛选出肝癌发病的主要危险因素。结果单因素回归分析显示，合并高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及有肝癌家族史、HBV感染、肝硬化、吸烟、吃鱼生史构成肝癌早发危险因素（分别为t=4．150，P〈0．05；t=3．752，P〈0．05；t=5．676，P〈0．05；t=9．731，P〈0．05；t=15．824，P〈0．001；t=5．724，P〈0．05；F11．662，P〈0．01；t=4．472，P〈0．05），logistic多因素回归模型分析表明吸烟、HBV感染是独立危险因素，分别为OR=3．211（95％CI：1．134～4．642），OR=7．31（95％CI：4.312—21．072）。结论肝癌发病年龄的危险因素存在一定地域性差异，饮食习惯、饮酒因素未体现出与肝癌发病年龄的相关性；吸烟、HBV感染与肝癌早发表现出高度的相关性，二者均构成肝癌早发的独立危险因素，应强化HBV感染、吸烟的预防控制。

Objective To investigate the clinical data of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region through questionnaire survey, explore the association between the risk factors of liver cancer and the onset age of disease in this area and provide evidence for prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Methods A retrospectively analysis was conducted in 250 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma by using their clinical data collected through questionnaire survey to understand the relationship between gender, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, family history of liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, HBV infection, eating fish history and other factors and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma by univariate and logistic multivariate regression models. Results Univariate regression analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and family history of liver cancer, HBV infection, cirrhosis, smoking, eating fish history were risk factors for the early onset of liver cancer, t~ 4.150, P〈0.05; t=3.752, P〈0.05; t=5.676, P〈0.05; t=9.731, P〈0.05; t=15.824, P〈0.001; t~ 5.724, P〈 0.05; t = 11.662, P〈 0.01; t =4.472, P〈 0.05, respectively, but logistic multivariate regression model analysis indicated that smoking, HBV infection were independent risk factors, OR = 3.211（95% CI： 1.134-4.642）, 0R=7.31（95%CI： 4.312-21.072）. Conclusions The risk factors affecting the age of liver cancer onset vary with area diet pattern alcohol use did not influenced the age of liver cancer onset, but smoking and HBV infection were the independent risk factors for early onset of liver cancer. It is necessary to strengthen the HBV infection prevention and control and advise people to quit smoking.