超越“群享”与“私享”:马克思的共享思想及其当代价值

Beyond “Group Enjoyment” and “Private Enjoyment”:Marx's Communion Thought and Its Contemporary Value

社会发展成果的享有方式是一个亘古常新的问题,在人类历史上大致出现了"群享"与"私享"两种方式。马克思所处的资本主义社会实行的是发展成果的"私享"方式,宣扬社会发展成果由"私人""公平公正"地享有。但马克思察觉到资本主义"私享"方式的虚伪性与意识形态性,并通过对异化劳动的事实指认、资产阶级分配理论的谬误分析与私有制的根源剖析,对其进行了全面批判。批判"私享"的目的并不是要回到"群享",马克思提出了建立在共产主义社会基础上的共享发展方式,要求全体社会成员在生产资料社会个人所有制和联合劳动生产的基础上通过按劳分配和按需分配来共同享有社会总产品。在当代中国特色社会主义的发展实践中,理解和把握马克思的共享思想就在于将其理论观点转化为改革所有制、分配制度与发展生产力的实践策略。

The way of enjoying the fruits of social development is a new and eternal problem. In the history of mankind there are generally two ways of ＂group enjoyment＂ and ＂private enjoy- ment＂. The capitalist society in which Marx lived implemented the ＂private enjoyment＂ of the de- velopment fruits. The fruits of social development were privately enjoyed through ＂fair and jus- tice＂. But Marx perceived the hypocrisy and Ideological attribute of the ＂private enjoyment＂ of capitalism, and made a comprehensive critique of the facts of alienated labor. The purpose of criti cizing ＂private enjoyment＂ is not to return to the ＂group enjoyment＂, instead, Marx proposed the Communion of development fruits based on the communist society, which demands that all mem- bers of society share the social products on the basis of the means of production, the individual ownership of the society and the production of joint labor through the distribution according to work and the distribution according to needs. In the practice of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, understanding and grasping Marx＇s communion thought lies in transforming his theoretical views into practical strategies and policies for the distribution system and the develop- ment of productive forces.