4世纪中后期百济政权的建构与早期百济史的编纂

Political Reconstruction of Baekje and Production of History of Early Baekje in the Late Fourth Century

百济自4世纪中后期近肖古王余句时方有文字记载。《三国史记》中此前历史,经由余句、后世百济朝廷、统一新罗王朝、高丽王朝等几个阶段编纂、建构而来。余句以丙午年(346)起元,反映当年扶余瓦解、余句集团流亡建国的历史。余句的迁徙路线从辽西出发,借助极寒天气,沿海道踏凌而行,经辽东湾、西朝鲜湾到达朝鲜半岛西北部,再南进弥邹忽,在当日的气候条件、政治格局中是可行的。这一迁徙成为族群记忆保存在余句所创的"百济"国名中。因余句集团流亡始自辽西,故在《宋书》中被转述为"百济略有辽西"。引发学界争讼的百济"据有辽西、晋平二郡地",实为《梁书》将徙自辽西与设平壤郡二之事混淆记述而来。

As late as the reign of Geunchogo,there was the written history in Baekje.In Samguk Sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms),the earlier history of Baekje was reconstructed successively by the Geunchogo reign and dynasties of Baekje,Silla and Goryeo.The Geunchogo-styled history commenced from 346 A.D.,reflecting the collapse of Buyeo,royal clan’s exile,and the restoration of the kingdom.As recalled,the sovereign availed himself of the extremely cold weather to migrate from the western Liaoning to the Liaodong Bay,then to the West Korean Bay,and finally to the northwestern Peninsula,from which he came to Michuhol.Such migration was feasible due to the politico-climatic conditions at that time.It was incorporated into the clan’s collective memory and preserved in the national name of Baekje.Geunchogo’s migration started from Liaoxi.Thus,the Book of Song recorded that Baekje captured the region.Such misreport sparked a controversy over Baekje’s occupation of prefectures of Liaoxi and Jinping.The controversy was actually a result of the Book’s confusing the migration from Liaoxi with the creation of Pyongyang.