时代学风与宋儒通经致用的经典诠释取向——以“三礼”诠释为中心的考察

The Song-styled Scholarship and Song Confucians' Practical Aspiration in Their Hermeneutic Handling of Classics:The Case of Sanli,or the Three Books of Rites

赵宋王朝建立之初所面对的是五代"礼废乐坏"之残局。鉴于道德陵夷、世风坏乱之社会现实,一些宋儒利用"三礼"来阐发人格理想、修身齐家、移风易俗。北宋庆历以后的社会问题日益严重,不少宋儒积极著书立说,从"三礼"等古老的经典中寻找理论依据和制度资源,从而推行改革或议政论政。宋儒还据"三礼"议礼制礼,涉及学术、政治、伦理等各个方面。宋儒据"三礼"议礼制礼的例子,最典型的莫过于濮议和郊礼之争。宋代宽松的氛围、自由的学风、士大夫的担当精神使宋儒的"三礼"诠释有着鲜明的通经致用取向,而宋儒"三礼"诠释的价值取向,也反过来印证了宋代的学风和士人精神。

When Song was still in its incipient stage,the traditional ritual system had been ruined.In view of the moral decadence,Song Confucians tried to elaborate the ideal personality and disseminate the self-cultivation through the prism of Sanli,or the three books of rites,hoping that in doing so the prevailing habits and customs would be changed.Social problems were exacerbated since the Qingli reign.Theoretically and institutionally inspired by ancient classics,Confucians produced writings evaluating the politics and advocating reforms.They went further,reformulating rites in relation to the scholarship,politics and ethics in light of Sanli.Their efforts were embodied in debates about the sacrificial service devoted to the Lord Pu and ceremonials offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth at the suburban altars.Song Confucians’hermeneutic handling of classics of rites was tinted with the practical aspiration thanks to the social tolerance,academic freedom and scholar-officials’spirit of responsibility.The value orientation embodied in their work,in turn,gave expression to the Song scholarship and spirit of Song Confucians.