中小学校园犯罪的“二次被害”预防

Prevention of Second Victimization in Campus Crimes in Primary and Secondary School

"二次被害"是在犯罪发生后被害人与外界接触的过程中,被迫引起被害回忆并感知外界负面回应而产生的痛苦。由于身心发展处于弱势阶段,未成年人在犯罪被害后往往会产生超出成年人的负面影响后果。中小学校园侵害事件具有场域性特征,未成年被害人在处置过程中或多或少地会受到来自学校、家庭、司法机关以及社会媒体等方面的"二次伤害"。为防止未成年人受到"第三次被害"而产生"恶逆变",学校、家庭、媒体、医疗机构,尤其是司法机关应坚持"未成年人利益最大化原则",最大程度地避免未成年被害人在社会生活和司法程序中受到"二次被害"。

＂Second victimization＂ refers to the pains caused by the victims＇ memories and perceived negative reactions in the process of contacting the outside world after the crime. Because of the weak stage of physical and mental development, minors tend to have more negative effects than adults when harmed. The invasion incidents in primary and secondary school have field characteristic. Minor victims are more or less subjected to ＂second inju- ries＂ from schools, families, judicial organs and social media in the process of disposal. To prevent minors from be- ing subjected to ＂third victimization＂, thus bringing ＂evil invertion＂, schools, families, media, medical institu- tions, especially judicial organs should adhere to the ＂principle of maximizing the interests of minors＂ and maxi- mize the avoidance of minor victims in social life and judicial proceedings by ＂second victimization＂.