北京市某涉铅企业周边环境铅污染健康风险评价

Health risk assessment on lead pollution around a lead-exposed enterprise in Beijing

目的对北京市某涉铅企业周边环境的铅污染状况进行调查并进行健康风险评价。方法在企业周边设置4个监测点采集空气和土壤样品,分别测定铅的浓度,通过健康风险评价模型进行健康风险评价。结果 2013—2015年共采集空气样品84件,铅浓度范围为5.7~596.6 ng/m^3;采集土壤样品12件,铅浓度范围为16.7~47.8 mg/kg。2013、2014、2015年的空气铅浓度均值分别为247.20、88.80、76.57 ng/m^3,土壤铅浓度均值分别为22.98、41.24、32.42 mg/kg,时间分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童铅日均暴露剂量是4.48×10^(-4)mg/(kg·d),成人铅日均暴露剂量是5.20×10^(-5)mg/(kg·d),主要暴露途径是经口暴露(非饮食)和呼吸暴露。铅对儿童造成的非致癌风险是1.29×10^(-7),对成年人造成的非致癌风险是1.51×10^(-8),均低于人群可接受的危险度水平(10^(-6))。结论该企业对周边环境未造成严重的铅污染,居民的非致癌风险水平较低,但对儿童的非致癌风险明显高于成年人。

[Objective]To investigate the status of lead pollution around a lead-exposed enterprise in Beijing and assess the health risk. [Methods]The air and soil samples were collected from 4 monitoring points around the enterprise,to determine the lead concentration respectively. The health risk assessment model was used for health risk assessment. [Results]From 2013-2015,totally 84 air samples were collected with the lead concentration range of 5.9-596.6 ng/m^3,while totally 12 soil samples were collected with the lead concentration range of 16.7-47.8 mg/kg,and the differences were statistically significant in temporal distribution（P〈0.05）. The mean value of air lead concentrations in 2013,2014 and 2015 was respectively 247.20 ng/m^3,88.80 ng/m^3 and 76.57 ng/m^3,while the mean value of soil lead concentrations was respectively 22.98 mg/kg,41.24 mg/kg and 32.42 mg/kg,and the differences were statistically significant in temporal distribution（P〈0.05）. The average daily exposure dose（ADD）of lead was 4.48×10^-4 mg/（kg·d）to children and 5.20×10^-5 mg/（kg·d）to adults. The major exposure pathways were oral way（non-diet）and inhalation. The non-carcinogenic risk of lead was 1.29×10^-7to children and 1.51×10^-8to adults,which were less than the acceptable risk level（10^-6）. [Conclusion]There is no terrible lead pollution around the enterprise. The non-carcinogenic risk to residents is lower,but the risk to children is significantly higher than that to adults..