膝关节前外侧韧带的研究进展

The research progress of anterolateral ligament

目的总结膝关节前外侧韧带的研究进展。方法在中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学文献数据库和PubMed数据库，分别以“膝关节”“前外侧韧带”“前外侧关节囊”“Segond骨折”为关键词，检索1980年1月-2015年10月与膝关节前外侧韧带的解剖学、组织学、生物力学及其损伤的临床诊断和外科治疗有关的文献进行分析总结。结果前外侧韧带近端起源于股骨外侧髁胭肌腱止点附近，远端止于Gerdy结节外侧，经组织学研究显示前外侧韧带符合韧带组织的特征。前外侧韧带对维持膝关节内旋稳定有重要作用。前外侧韧带损伤应该早期诊断、早期治疗。其诊断不仅依靠影像学检查，还要结合临床查体；手术方式一般为关节外肌腱固定。结论前外侧韧带是与Segond骨折相关的韧带结构，有助于维持膝关节内旋稳定性。目前对其损伤后的手术治疗方式尚无统一定论，有待进一步深入研究。

Objective To study the anatomic and biomechanical characteristics of anterolateral ligament and the surgical treatment of significance. Methods A computer-based online search of CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc and PubMed databases were undertaken to identify the articles about anterolateral ligament published from January 1980 to October 2015, with the key words of ＂anterolateral ligament＂, ＂anterolateral capsule＂, ＂anterolateral rotatory laxity＂, ＂lateral structures of the knee＂ and ＂Scgond fracture＂. To analyse the anterolateral ligament anatomy, histologic, biomechanical, diagnosis and surgical treatment were summarized. Results The anterolateral ligament proximal originated in the lateral femoral condyle popliteal tendon near the dead point, distal end Gerdy nodules of the lateral, after analysis of histological staining that are similar with the ligament structure. Anterolateral ligament plays an important role in maintaining internal rotation stability Of knee joint. Anterolateral ligament injury diagnosis depends not only on imaging, but also with clinical examination. Anterolateral ligament injury should he early diagnosed and treated. Surgical principles are generally extra-articular tendon fixation. Conclusions The anterolateral ligament is a ligamentous structure associated with segond fractures and contributes to the maintenance of internal rotation stability of the knee joint. At present, the surgical treatment of injury after the conclusion is not yet uniform and it needs to be further studied.