艾滋病抗体血清学检测的两种方法比较:附3年4514份标本的比较

Comparison of two methods of serological detection of HIV antibody:comparison of 4 514 samples in 3 years

目的探究两种方法检测艾滋病抗体血清的优点,比较两种方法的检测结果相关性及其检测质量。方法选择2014年10月至2016年10月在本中心检测HIV抗体人群血清标本4 514份,分别用酶联免疫法和胶体金法进行HIV抗体初筛,并将其中阳性标本送检进行确证,比较两种方法检测结果的相关性及其检测质量。结果使用酶联免疫法检测结果呈阳性者16例,呈阴性者4 498例,其阳性率为0.35%;使用胶体金法检测结果呈阳性者14例,呈阴性者4 500例,其阳性率为0.31%。其中4份血清样本酶联免疫法检测结果呈阳性而胶体金法检测结果呈阴性,2份血清样本酶联免疫法检测结果呈阴性而胶体金法检测结果呈阳性。经配对χ~2检验,酶联免疫法和胶体金法初筛检测HIV抗体的阳性率χ~2=0.33,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义;酶联免疫法和胶体金法两种检测方法初筛检测结果共同阳性者12份,共同阴性者4 496份,总符合率为99.87%。两种检测方法对HIV抗体阳性血清无一例漏检,敏感度均为100%,其中酶联免疫法的特异度为99.91%,胶体金法的特异度为99.96%,效果相近。结论对艾滋病抗体血清进行初筛时可选用酶联免疫法或胶体金法,两者敏感度和特异度相近,总符合率高,可互相替代,可依据受检者实际情况选择,但受检者进行筛查试验后必须进行确证试验,以免误诊。

Objective To explore the advantages of two methods for detecting the serum of HIV antibody, and to compare the correlation between the two methods and the quality of the test. Methods From April 2014 to October 2016, 4 514 serum samples of HIV antibody were detected in our center. HIV antibody was screened by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold method respectively, and positive samples were confirmed. The correlation between the two methods to detect the results and the quality of the test was compared. Results 16 cases were positive by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and 4 498 cases were negative. The positive rate was 0.35%; 14 cases were positive by colloidal gold method, 4500 cases were negative, the positive rate was 0.31%. 4 serum samples were positive by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and negative for colloidal gold method. 2 serum samples were negative by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and positive for colloidal gold method. Through paired X 2 test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colloid gold method screening HIV antibody positive rate of X 2 was 0.33, P 〉 0.05, and the difference was not statistically significant. The results showed that there were 12 cases of common positive and 4 496 copies of common negative, the total compliance rate was 99.87%. The detection rate of HIV antibody positive was 100%, and the specificity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was 99.91%, and the specificity of colloidal gold method was 99.96%. The results were similar. Conclusions Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or colloidal gold method can be used to screen the serum of HIV antibody. The sensitivity and specificity of the antibody are similar, the total coincidence rate is high and can be substituted for each other. According to the actual situation of the subject, The screening test must be carried out after the screening test to avoid misdiaenosi.~_