大学生职业价值取向与家庭经济背景的相关性研究——基于西部高校的调查分析

Research on the Correlation Between College Students' Vocational Values and Family Economic Background——Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Colleges and Universities in Western China

当前社会收入差距扩大、贫富两极分化现象日益突出,一定程度上加剧了整个社会价值观念的分化,也对大学生的职业价值观产生了一定影响。通过采用职业价值观量表对西部地区3所高校431名来自不同家庭收入水平的大学生进行职业价值取向的调查分析,旨在探索大学生职业价值取向与家庭经济背景的相关性,并在此基础上重点考查"富裕家庭"和"贫困家庭"大学生职业价值观的特点。结果表明:不同家庭经济背景的大学生在职业价值观的"独立性""利他性""成就""报酬""管理""舒适"和"安全感"7个维度上有不同程度的取向差异。其中,富裕家庭大学生和贫困家庭大学生在以上7个维度上的职业价值取向差异显著。贫困家庭大学生最看重的因素是"利他性"和"安全感",比较看重的因素是"报酬",最不看重的因素是"独立性"和"成就";富裕家庭大学生最看重的因素是"安全感"和"舒适",最不看重的因素是"利他性"和"报酬"。为此,应充分重视家庭经济背景对大学生职业价值观的影响,对不同家庭类型的大学生采用不同的引导策略,立足学生终生职业发展,开展前瞻性职业价值观教育。

For the expansion of the income gap between the rich and the poor, the social polarization phenomenon has become increasingly prominent, to a certain extent, which accelerates the differentiation of the social values, and also affects the vocational values of college students. The study selected 431 college students of three universities in the western region as the subjects. The aim is to explore the relationship be- tween college students＇ vocational value orientation and family economic background, and on this basis, the study focuses on the characteristics of the rich and poor college students＇ vocational values. The investiga- tion has found that, in terms of seven dimensions, the vocational values of altruism, independence, a- chievement, remuneration, management, comfort, security, students of different family economic back- ground have different degrees of orientation differences, in which the college students of rich and poor fami- lies have significant differences in the orientation of vocational value. The most important factors of college students in poor families are ＂altruism＂ and ＂security＂, but also they pay more attention to the ＂remunera- tion＂, and the least important factor is ＂independence＂ and ＂achievement＂. The most important factors for college students in rich families are ＂security＂ and ＂comfort＂, and the least important factor is ＂altruism＂ and ＂compensation＂. As a result, the influence of family financial background should be paid much atten- tion to, and for the students from different background, different guiding strategies with different orientation should be adapted. In view of the life-long vocational development for the students, the forward-looking vocational value education should be carried out.