论“早期佛学问题”在佛学思想转变中的作用——以“十论”为中心

The Role Played by the “Early Buddhist Studies” Issues——with a Focus on the “Ten Theses”

在佛学研究中,佛学家们对佛学问题的内容多有关注,对佛学问题这种存在现象本身却多有忽略。在部派佛教时期,当时佛教的各个支派除了坚持佛陀教导的"四圣谛""八正道"等基本精神外,对诸法假实、心性染净、轮回我体等问题进行了激烈的争论,其思想要点被后来的佛教学者归集为十个问题,即所谓"十论"(1)。"十论"问题的论争并非是历史偶然,在此之前早有相关的"问题"伏笔,比如"十四无记"和"大天五事"等问题。在"十论"之后,相关的问题也一直贯穿着大乘佛教发展的整个过程,其对佛学思想的发展有着巨大的影响。本文通过对"十论"及其前后"问题"的阐述,指明"佛学问题"的论争推动着佛学思想的转变和发展。

In Buddhist studies, Buddhist scholars pay close attention to the contents of the ＂Buddhist Studies＂ Issues , while the phenomenon of the ＂Buddhist Studies＂ Issues often neglected. During the period of Sectarian Buddhism, different schools adhere to the correct understanding of basic concepts taught by the Buddha, such as the ＂Four Noble Truths＂ （ Sanskrit ： Catvāri- āryasatyāni ） or the ＂Eightfold Path＂ （ Sanskrit ： Aryāstāmgika- mārga）. They, however, also discussed some important doctrinal issues, including the provisional or real elements of the Sarva-dharma, the defilement （klesa） or purity of the Mind-Nature, the Being （āttman） （luring Transmigration （ samsara）. The gist of these debates was systematized posthumously into the so-called ＂Ten Theses＂ . However, the ＂Ten Theses＂ cannot be considered a mere historical coincidence, since Buddhist scholars from earlier ages had already written about the same issues in works like the ＂Fourteen Avyātkata＂ and ＂Mahadeva＇s Five Views＂. After their systematization, the ＂Ten Theses＂ became interspersed with and bore great influence on the development of Mahayana Buddhism. After describing the ＂Ten Theses＂ and the issues related to it, this dissertation will explain how the ＂ Buddhist Studies＂ Issues promotes the development of Buddhist Thought and how it is responsible for a transition currently taking place in the field.