菊芋茎秆对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能及抗氧化能力的影响

The effects of Helianthus tuberosus on milk performance and oxidation resistance of holstein-friesian

为了研究菊芋茎秆对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能和抗氧化能力的影响,试验选择泌乳期30周的经产荷斯坦奶牛90头,TMR日粮饲喂量3周后,日粮添加10%菊芋青贮茎秆,饲喂3周。菊芋饲喂第1 d和21 d,颈静脉采血测定血液指标,7、14 d与21 d采集奶样,测定乳成分和乳抗氧化指标。研究结果表明:奶牛日粮添加10%菊芋青贮茎秆,不改变血液白细胞、红细胞和血小板总数,红细胞压积、平均体积、平均血红蛋白量和血红蛋白浓度,以及淋巴细胞比率(P>0.05);不影响乳汁酸度、乳蛋白浓度、非脂固形物含量和冰点值。可以提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),随着饲喂时间延长,乳汁中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.01)线性增加。奶牛饲喂10%菊芋青贮茎秆3周,可使乳脂率提高7.7%(P<0.05),血清GSH-Px活性提高10.4%(P<0.05),乳汁中GSH-Px和SOD活性分别提高18.7%和28.8%。因此,产奶牛饲喂菊芋可以改善奶牛血清和乳汁的抗氧化能力,提高乳脂率。菊芋可以作为提高乳汁品质和机体健康的饲料原料。

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of Helianthus tuberosus on milk performance and oxidation resistance of holstein-friesian. A total of 90 healthy holstein-friesians lac- tating for 30 weeks, were fed TMR for 3 weeks, then diets supplemented with 10% Helianthus tuberos- us silage were fed for 3 weeks. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein by first days and 21 days. Milk samples were collected for 7 days, 14 days and 21 days, composition and antioxidant indexes were determined. Results indicated that diets supplemented with 10% Helianthus tuberosus si- lage did not chang the the number of red blood cells and white blood cells, blood platelet count, hemato- crit and mean volume, mean hemoglobin, hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte ratio（P〉0.05）; also the milk acidity, milk protein concentration, non fat solids content and freezing point had not be effect- ed. The diets supplemented with 10% Helianthus tuberosus silage can improve the glutathione peroxi- dase activity in serum（P〈0.05）, with the extension of feeding time, activity of superoxide dismutase（P〈 0.01） in milk linear increase. The holstein-friesian were fed 10% Helianthus tuberosas stalk silage for 3 weeks, the milk fat rate increased by 7.7%（P〈0.05）, serum GSH-Px activity increased by 10.4%（P〈 0.05）, milk GSH-Px and SOD activity increased by 18.7% and 28.8% respectively. Thus the production of dairy cows fed Helianthus tuberosus could improve the antioxidant capacity of serum and milk, also increase the milk fat percentage. Helianthus tu- berosus can be used as feed material to improve milk quality and the health of milking eow.