《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》视野下的中国刑事法改革

China's Criminal Law Reform from the Perspective of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》反映了世界各国对基本人权的认知,是国际人权领域的重要规范。我国已签署该公约,虽未批准,但刑事法领域的改革必然会受到该公约的影响。故应进一步转变刑事法治理念,划定公权力与公民权利的界限,树立人权保障观。在具体制度层面,应进一步减少死刑罪名,限制死刑适用;完善《刑事诉讼法》的规定,在强制措施、侦查方式、审判形式等各领域,更注重保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的基本权利;增设刑法的罪名,完善奴役罪、非法进行人体试验罪等罪名,以与国际人权保障要求相一致。

Reflecting the world＇s perception of human rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is of vital importance in the field of international human fights. China signed this convention. Even though we have not ratified it, the reform in the field of criminal law should be based on it. We possess a tradition of severe penalties in the legal system. We should transfer criminal law concepts, set a clear line between public power and civil rights and set up the concept of human rights protection. On the level of the specific system, we should reduce the number of crimes punishable by death and limit the application of capital punish- ment, improve the criminal litigation law to protect the basic rights of suspects and defendants in the field of compulsory measures, investigation strategy and judicial form and add some charges like enslavement and illegal human trials, which are practiced around the world, so as to be in accordance with the requirements of international human rights protection.