不同对外投资动因对产业结构的区别影响——以山东省和1975-1990年的日本为例

The Different Influence of Outward Foreign Direct Investment Motivation on Industrial Structure——A Case Study of Shandong and Japan 1975-1990

学术界对对外直接投资对产业结构的影响有很深入的研究,但对于不同对外投资动因对产业结构是否有区别影响研究较少。山东省是我国对外投资大省,其对外投资动因较单纯,以战略资产导向型和市场导向型为主,主要目的是为了获得先进生产技术,打开发达国家市场。1975-1990年的日本OFDI占GDP比重与2010-2015年期间的山东省相仿,经济发展势头相仿,对外投资发展势头相仿,同样经历了汇率大幅上升的阶段。但是作为发达国家,日本对外投资的动因如边际产业转移理论描述,是为了获得生产要素的比较优势、替代出口、转移本国落后产能,属于效率导向型和资源导向型对外投资。本文通过建立模型,进一步讨论了不同的对外投资动因对产业结构的不同影响,得出战略资产导向、市场导向型的对外投资更能够推动产业结构在规模上的升级。在中国面临产业结构改革的当下,这一研究具有一定的意义。

There is a deep research on the impact of foreign direct investment on the industrial structure,but there has less discuss about the different impact of foreign investment on the industrial structure in terms of motivation. Shandong province is a large outward foreign investment province in China, it ＇s foreign investment motivation is simple, with strategic asset oriented and market oriented, the main goal is to obtain advanced production technology or open up the market of developed countries. The 75-90 Japan＇s OFDI accounted for the proportion of GDP is similar with Shandong Province during the period 2010-2015, they also have similar trends in terms of economic development and foreign investment development, also experienced a significant in-crease in the exchange rate. But japan is a developed country, just as the Marginal Industrial Transfer Theory described,the motivation of foreign investment in Japan is for obtain comparative advantage of production fac-tors, alternative export, transfer outdated industry, all of this factor belonging to the efficiency oriented and resource oriented foreign investment. This paper, through the establishment of the model, further dis-cussed the different motivated foreign investment ＇s impact on industrial structure. And we get conclusion that strategic asset oriented, market oriented foreign investment can promote the industrial structure upgrade better in terms of economic size. In the face of China＇s industrial restructuring, this study has some signifi-cance.