《精神现象学》中关于良心的解析

The Resolution of Conscience in Phenomenology of Spirit

良心是黑格尔《精神现象学》中精神向宗教过渡的重要部分,解决了实现道德世界观过程中所产生的矛盾。黑格尔认为,精神世界内外统一的起点在于以自我确定性为基础的良心的产生,其产生克服了道德世界观将自我意识推向彼岸的问题,将精神推回到自我确定性之中,并且以此为基础,借助语言实现了普遍性与个别性的统一。良心在扬弃语言的空虚性过程之中获得自身的实在性,在良心的环节实现了精神的内外统一、普遍与个别的统一,从而达到通过对自我的认识实现对世界的认识,进入到宗教的环节。良心不断发展的结果并不是精神的"优美灵魂",而是超越精神的宗教。从精神到宗教,离黑格尔所追寻的"绝对知识"更近了一步。

Conscience is a transit part from spirit section to religion section in Hegel＇s book Phenomenology of Spirit. in this part, the antinomy of the moral view of the world is settled. Hegel believes that the start of dealing the contradiction between the inside and the outside of spirit is the emerging of the conscience which based on awareness itself. Conscience gets over the problem that the moral view of the world makes self-consciousness to the opposite bank and leads the spirit back into self-consciousness, which is the base of unity of universality and particularity through language. Conscience gets its realism during the sublatiou of emptiness of language. During the process of conscience, spirit achieves the unity of inside and outside, universality and particularity, then through the cognition of myself we can get the cognition of the world, which is a process to religion. The result of the development of conscience is not the ＂beautiful soul＂ of spirit but is the religion which transcends spirit. From spirit to religion, it＇s getting closer to ＂absolute knowlege＂ that Hegel pursuits.