抗战时期老舍对传统“忠”观念的改造利用--以京剧为媒介

Remolding and Utilization of Traditional Awareness of “Loyalty”during the Anti-Japanese War by Lao She--Taking Peking Opera as a Medium

以传统京剧尤其是忠君剧目为媒介,抗战时期老舍将传统忠君思想转化为忠于国家和民族的战时观念,赋予了"忠"观念以现代性的"认同"含义。他以新京剧等通俗文艺形式热情讴歌民众不惜牺牲性命保家卫国的忠诚英勇,还借取京剧脸谱的类型化人物表现方法,系统地塑造出出卖国族的"不忠者"群像,不遗余力地进行讽刺、鞭挞,体现出作家对战争时期各色灵魂的深层关注,也更直观地传达了对熟烂社会文化的深远忧思。

Lao She, by transforming traditional thoughts on monarch loyalty into wartime loyalty to the motherland and nation through Peking Opera plays, especially plays on monarch loyalty, endowed ＂loyalty＂ with a modernistic meaning of ＂identity＂ during the period of the Anti-Japanese War. Not only did he enthusiastically eulogize the loyalty and bravery that Chinese people had shown when they sacrificed their own lives to safeguard their motherland by means of popular arts, such as new Peking Opera, but also, by taking examples fl＇om typed character expression techniques of Peking Opera＇ s facial makeups, created systematically the images of a group of ＂traitors＂ who betrayed their own country and spared no efforts in satirizing and castigating them, which both reflected his deep attention to various characters during the war and intuitively presented his deep concern over the social culture he was extremely familiar with.