万寿菊秸秆综合利用途径及其杀线作用研究

Research on Nematicidal Effect and Integrative Utility of Marigold Stalk

万寿菊的杀线活性广受关注,对万寿菊秸秆的综合利用进行了初步尝试。通过生物测定和温室试验,研究了万寿菊秸秆、添加万寿菊秸秆的平菇栽培基质及菊叶对根结线虫的抑杀作用,明确了万寿菊秸秆对根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明,万寿菊叶水提取物对南方根结线虫校正死亡率达到100%,与各处理和对照相比差异显著(P<0.05),而且,菌糠中按一定质量比添加万寿菊叶的处理(9∶1、3∶1、1∶1)显著提高了(校正死亡率分别为38.58%、40.25%、44.68%)平菇栽培基质水提取物的杀线活性(校正死亡率为26.54%)(P<0.05);栽培基质经过栽培平菇后获得的菌糠,其杀线活性(校正死亡率33.79%)相对于新鲜栽培基质有了显著提高(校正死亡率26.54%)(P<0.05);盆栽试验显示,移栽40 d后,添加不同比例万寿菊秸秆的处理中,万寿菊秸秆:菊叶质量比9∶1处理(分别施用10 g、25 g、50 g)对促进番茄植株株高(21.3~26.1 cm,对照18.53 cm)和植株地下部生长效果显著(4.75~5.79 g,对照2.0 g),而较高菊叶含量的处理(1∶1)抑制植株叶片生长,菌糠和菊叶处理中以平菇菌糠:菊叶质量比为3∶1的比例(分别施用10 g、25 g、50 g)防治根结线虫的效果最好(根结百分率26.5%~48.63%,对照74.7%),其防治效果与化学药剂噻唑膦(根结百分率20.1%)在统计学意义上相当。

The nematicidal activity of marigold has attracted wide concern. This study carried out initial experiment to explore the comprehensive utilization of marigold stalk,and studied the effect of fungus substrate containing marigold stalk and marigold leaf on controlling Meloidogyne incongnita. The results indicated that aqueous extract of marigold leaves could achieve 100% the highest corrected mortality of M. incongnita and the differences between each treatment and the control achieved significant（ P0.05） level. Besides,cultivated substrate and marigold leaf（ mass ratio 9∶1,3 ∶1 and 1∶1） obtained the corrected mortality 38.5%,40.25% and 44.68%,respectively. The used substrate could significantly improve the nematicidal activity of aqueous extract（ its corrected mortality was 33.79%,P0.05）,while the fresh substrate＇s corrected mortality was 26.54%. The pot experiment results showed that the treatments added withmarigold leaves in substrate with 9 ∶ 1（ w/w） proportion（ treated with 10 g,25 g,50 g,respectively） could significantly promote the tomato plant height by 21.3 ~ 26.1 cm,while the control was only 18.53 cm. And the growth of plant underground part obtained 4. 75 ~ 5. 79 g,while the control was 2. 0 g. However,the high marigold leaf content treatment（ 1 ∶ 1） inhibited plant leaf growth. Remarkably,the treatments（ with 10 g,25 g,50 g,respectively） of used Pleurotus ostreatus substrate added by marigold leaves with mass ratio 3∶1 could achieve the best nematode control effect by 48.63% ~ 26.5%,while that of the control was only 74.7%. Its control effect matched with that of the chemical fosthiazate 20.1% by statistical significance quite.