清末“历史哲学”概念的创制

The Making of the Term “Philosophy of History” in Late Qing Dynasty

"历史哲学"在传统史学近代化进程中扮演了重要角色,但该名词不属于传统汉语资源,是清末舶自日本的新词,在中文语境中最初出现是1900年左右。其源头可追溯至威尔逊、弗林特的"philosophy of history",前者表征伏尔泰《风俗论》的历史叙事模式,后者指称以哲学思维解释历史。19世纪末,威尔逊、弗林特之书传至日本,分别由铃置仓次郎、家永丰吉译为和文。铃置、家永笔下的"历史哲学"是经盛行日本的文明史话语规训的新概念,并掺杂"脱亚入欧"的政治隐喻。1900年前后,铃置、家永的"历史哲学",由康、梁一派引入,并依附文明史话语,作为一个新概念符号进入《新史学》文本,由此获得自身在中文语境中的最初合法性。

The term, philosophy of history, played a vital role in transformation of ancient historiography in modern. But it＇s not an ancient Chinese term, and just appeared in Chinese contexts around 1900 and evolved from the texts of Willson and Flint. Willson used this term to refer to the narrative mode in essai sur lesraoeurs. And in Flint＇s work, it means the way of comprehending history in perspective of philosophy. In the late 19th century, the books of Willson and Flint spread to Japan. When the term was translated into Japanese, its meaning had been reconstructed by the discourse of history of civilization and mixed with the political metaphor, departing from Asia for Europe. Around 1900, this Japanese term was introduced into Chinese contexts by Liang Qichao, etc.. Then the Chinese term, philosophy of history, as a new symbol in the discourse of history of civilization was involved the New Historiography and got its legitimacy.