中国流动人口的创业效应研究

The Effect of Floating Population in China on Entrepreneurship

创业是中国经济可持续发展的重要推动力。本文从微观个体出发,研究中国流动人口对创业的影响,探讨推动"大众创业"的政策建议。基于中国综合社会调查的数据,本文的实证研究表明,整体而言,流动人口选择创业的概率显著高于本地居民。进一步,分创业类型看,无论是"自己是老板"型创业,还是"个体工商户"型创业,流动人口创业的概率均比本地居民高,但流动人口选择"个体工商户"型创业的概率更大。分行业看,流动人口选择在服务业创业的概率显著高于本地居民,但选择在工业创业的概率与本地居民无显著差异。从创业的就业效应、收入效应看,流动人口创业雇员水平与本地居民无显著差异,但创业收入显著高于本地居民。本文的政策启示是要进一步深化制度改革,消除地区间影响人口迁移的制度阻碍,实现人口的自由迁移;要优化流动人口的创业环境,充分激发流动人口的创业活力。

Entrepreneurship is an important driving force for China＇s sustainable economic development. In order to explore the policy suggestions for promoting entrepreneurship, the paper studies the impact of floating population in China on entrepreneurship from the micro-individual. Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey, the empirical study shows that floating population is more likely to become entrepreneurs than local residents in general. In term of entrepreneurial types, floating population is more likely to become opportunistic entrepreneurs and survival entrepreneurs than local residents. However, the probability of survival entrepreneurship of floating population is greater than opportunistic entrepreneurship. In term of entrepreneurial industries, floating population is more likely to venture in the service sector than local residents, However, there is no significant difference in the probability of entrepreneurship in the industrial sector between floating population and local residents. In term of employment effect and income effect of entrepreneurship, there is no significant difference in the employment effect between floating population and local residents, but the entrepreneurial income of floating population is higher than local residents. The policy implications of the paper are： on the one hand, by deepening system reform, eliminating the system obstacles which affect inter-regional population migration to achieve free movement of the population; on the other hand, optimizing the business environment of floating population to fully stimulate the entrepreneurial energy of floating population.